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RRPA Pathophysiology II > Exam 3 - urinary mace > Flashcards

Exam 3 - urinary mace Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the urinary system?

A
  1. Excretion of wastes
  2. Regulates
    • blood volume- alters fluid loss
    • blood composition- inorganic ion balance/pH balance
  3. Secretion hormones and enzymes
    • Releases EPO in response to low O2
    • calcitriol and renin
  4. Detoxifies free radicals/drugs
  5. Gluconeogenesis (during starvation)
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2
Q

Renal Corpuscle is made up of what 3 three things

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Visceral capsule layer, glomerular space
  3. Parietal capsule layer
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3
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of what 2 things

A

Macula densa cells and granular cells of afferent arteriole JG cells

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4
Q

Where does filtration occur? in the renal cortex or renal Corpuscle?

A

The renal Corpuscle

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5
Q

describe the blood flow through the kidney

A

Renal artery—> segmental a—> arcuate a—-> interlobular a—-> afferent arteriole—> glomerulus—efferent arteriole—–> Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta—-> interlobular V—-> arcuate V—-> interlobular v—-> Renal V

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6
Q

When fluid is in the capsular space it is know as?

A

Filtrate

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7
Q

When fluid is in either the, PCT, descending limb, ascending limb, DCT, collecting tubules, collecting duct

A

Tubular Fluid

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8
Q

When is fluid considered urine?

A

The second it enters the papillary duct

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9
Q

Does glomerular filtration move in both directions (from blood to capsular space/ from capsular space into blood)?

A

Nope, substances only move from the blood within the glomerulus into the capsular space.

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10
Q

when forming urine, the secretion part occurs everywhere but one location. Where does secretion not occur?

A

in the glomerulus

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11
Q

the ______ of a podocyte control the size of filtration slits.

A

Pedicles

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12
Q

The endothelium blocks __________ whereas the basement membrane blocks ___________.

A
  1. formed elements

2. large proteins

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13
Q

What substances are able to go through the filtration membrane?

A
  1. water
  2. glucose
  3. Amino acids
  4. ions
  5. urea
  6. Many hormones
  7. Vitamin B and C
  8. Ketones
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14
Q

Even though albumin is a small protein why can it not go through capular space?

A

because it has a negative charge

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15
Q

out of the following which is the dominant factor for net filtration rate?

A. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
B. Blood colloid osmotic pressure
C. Capsular hydrostatic pressure

A

A

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16
Q

Will angiotensin II increase or decrease GFR?

A

Decrease

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17
Q

Will ANP increase or decrease GFR

A

Increase

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18
Q

Which of the following factors will increase glomerular filtration rate? 1. increased blood pressure 2. dilation of afferent arteriole 3. increased capsular hydrostatic pressure 4. reduced blood colloid osmotic pressure

1 and 3 only
1 and 4 only
1,2,3 only
1,2,and 4
all of the above
none of the above
A

1, 2, and 4

19
Q

Which of the following will increase glomerular filtration rate? 1. constriction of efferent arteriole 2. increased sympathetic nerve activity 3. increased blood colloid osmotic pressure 4. atrial natriuretic peptide

1 and 3 only
1 and 4 only
1,2, and 3 only
1,2 and 4
all of the above
none of the above
A

1 and 4

20
Q

Which of the following factors will decrease glomerular filtration rate? 1. decreased hydrostatic pressure 2. dilation of afferent arteriole 3. decreasing capsular hydrostatic pressure 4. blockage of the ureter

1,2, and 3 only
2,3, and 4 only
1,3, and 4 only
1 and 4 only

A

1 and 4

21
Q

Renin will _____ glomerular filtration.

increase
decrease

A

decrease

22
Q

will contraction of mesangial cells increase or decrease GFR

A

Decrease

23
Q

As the osmotic pressure of the blood _____ ADH is released.

increases
decreases

A

increases

24
Q

What two effects does ANP have on the nephron?

A

Vasodilation of afferent arteriole and relaxation os mesangial cells.

25
Q

What two things does ANP inhibit?

A

inhibits release of renin and aldosterone

26
Q

Which cells in the collecting duct reabsorb K+ and which ones vary K+ secretion depending on aldosterone levels

A
  1. Intercalated cells reabsorb K+ continuously

2. Principle cells vary K+ secretion depending on aldosterone levels

27
Q

What hormone inhibits reabsorption of PO4 in PCT and stimulates reabsorption of Ca+ in DCT

A

PTH

28
Q

What type of cells make up the PCT and DCT

A

simple cuboidal

29
Q

What type of cells make up the loop of henle

A

squamous

30
Q

What gets secreted at the PCT

A

ammonia (nitrogenous waste) and some drugs

31
Q

Which one is impermeable to water. The Ascending limb or descending limb of the loop of henle

A

The Ascending limb.

32
Q

When does filtrate have the greatest salt concentration. At the bottom of the descending limb or top of ascending limb?

A

Bottom of descending limb. Filtrate looses water as it goes down the descending limb increasing osmolarity.

33
Q

Where is the first adjustment to filtrate made?

A

in the DCT

34
Q

Would ANP increase or decrease Na+ reabsorption in DCT?

A

Decrease

35
Q

Would aldosterone increase or decrease Na+ absorption in the DCT?

A

Increase

36
Q

What cells in the collecting tubule regulate the Ph

A

The intercalated cells

37
Q

If the Ph of the urine is high what will the intercalated discs secrete? H+ ions or HCO3.

A

HCO3 to lower Ph and vis versa. If Ph is low they will secrete H+ ions to increase Ph

38
Q

The storage reflux is controlled by what nervous system?

A

Sympathetic nervous. internal sphincter contracts, bladder relaxes to fill

39
Q

The external sphincter is controlled by what nervous system?

A

somatic nervous system from the cerebral cortex

40
Q

The involuntary micturition reflex is controlled by what nervous system?

A

parasympathetic from the PONs

41
Q

What nerve induces inhibition of SNS

A

Efferent pelvic nerve in sacral region

42
Q

What is the GFR for males and women?

A

120 for males

95 for women

43
Q

What process of urine formation only has active transport?

A

Secretion

RRPA Pathophysiology II (16 decks)

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