Exam 3 - urinary mace Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the urinary system?
- Excretion of wastes
- Regulates
- blood volume- alters fluid loss
- blood composition- inorganic ion balance/pH balance
- Secretion hormones and enzymes
- Releases EPO in response to low O2
- calcitriol and renin
- Detoxifies free radicals/drugs
- Gluconeogenesis (during starvation)
Renal Corpuscle is made up of what 3 three things
- Glomerulus
- Visceral capsule layer, glomerular space
- Parietal capsule layer
Juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of what 2 things
Macula densa cells and granular cells of afferent arteriole JG cells
Where does filtration occur? in the renal cortex or renal Corpuscle?
The renal Corpuscle
describe the blood flow through the kidney
Renal artery—> segmental a—> arcuate a—-> interlobular a—-> afferent arteriole—> glomerulus—efferent arteriole—–> Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta—-> interlobular V—-> arcuate V—-> interlobular v—-> Renal V
When fluid is in the capsular space it is know as?
Filtrate
When fluid is in either the, PCT, descending limb, ascending limb, DCT, collecting tubules, collecting duct
Tubular Fluid
When is fluid considered urine?
The second it enters the papillary duct
Does glomerular filtration move in both directions (from blood to capsular space/ from capsular space into blood)?
Nope, substances only move from the blood within the glomerulus into the capsular space.
when forming urine, the secretion part occurs everywhere but one location. Where does secretion not occur?
in the glomerulus
the ______ of a podocyte control the size of filtration slits.
Pedicles
The endothelium blocks __________ whereas the basement membrane blocks ___________.
- formed elements
2. large proteins
What substances are able to go through the filtration membrane?
- water
- glucose
- Amino acids
- ions
- urea
- Many hormones
- Vitamin B and C
- Ketones
Even though albumin is a small protein why can it not go through capular space?
because it has a negative charge
out of the following which is the dominant factor for net filtration rate?
A. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
B. Blood colloid osmotic pressure
C. Capsular hydrostatic pressure
A
Will angiotensin II increase or decrease GFR?
Decrease
Will ANP increase or decrease GFR
Increase
Which of the following factors will increase glomerular filtration rate? 1. increased blood pressure 2. dilation of afferent arteriole 3. increased capsular hydrostatic pressure 4. reduced blood colloid osmotic pressure
1 and 3 only 1 and 4 only 1,2,3 only 1,2,and 4 all of the above none of the above
1, 2, and 4
Which of the following will increase glomerular filtration rate? 1. constriction of efferent arteriole 2. increased sympathetic nerve activity 3. increased blood colloid osmotic pressure 4. atrial natriuretic peptide
1 and 3 only 1 and 4 only 1,2, and 3 only 1,2 and 4 all of the above none of the above
1 and 4
Which of the following factors will decrease glomerular filtration rate? 1. decreased hydrostatic pressure 2. dilation of afferent arteriole 3. decreasing capsular hydrostatic pressure 4. blockage of the ureter
1,2, and 3 only
2,3, and 4 only
1,3, and 4 only
1 and 4 only
1 and 4
Renin will _____ glomerular filtration.
increase
decrease
decrease
will contraction of mesangial cells increase or decrease GFR
Decrease
As the osmotic pressure of the blood _____ ADH is released.
increases
decreases
increases
What two effects does ANP have on the nephron?
Vasodilation of afferent arteriole and relaxation os mesangial cells.
What two things does ANP inhibit?
inhibits release of renin and aldosterone
Which cells in the collecting duct reabsorb K+ and which ones vary K+ secretion depending on aldosterone levels
- Intercalated cells reabsorb K+ continuously
2. Principle cells vary K+ secretion depending on aldosterone levels
What hormone inhibits reabsorption of PO4 in PCT and stimulates reabsorption of Ca+ in DCT
PTH
What type of cells make up the PCT and DCT
simple cuboidal
What type of cells make up the loop of henle
squamous
What gets secreted at the PCT
ammonia (nitrogenous waste) and some drugs
Which one is impermeable to water. The Ascending limb or descending limb of the loop of henle
The Ascending limb.
When does filtrate have the greatest salt concentration. At the bottom of the descending limb or top of ascending limb?
Bottom of descending limb. Filtrate looses water as it goes down the descending limb increasing osmolarity.
Where is the first adjustment to filtrate made?
in the DCT
Would ANP increase or decrease Na+ reabsorption in DCT?
Decrease
Would aldosterone increase or decrease Na+ absorption in the DCT?
Increase
What cells in the collecting tubule regulate the Ph
The intercalated cells
If the Ph of the urine is high what will the intercalated discs secrete? H+ ions or HCO3.
HCO3 to lower Ph and vis versa. If Ph is low they will secrete H+ ions to increase Ph
The storage reflux is controlled by what nervous system?
Sympathetic nervous. internal sphincter contracts, bladder relaxes to fill
The external sphincter is controlled by what nervous system?
somatic nervous system from the cerebral cortex
The involuntary micturition reflex is controlled by what nervous system?
parasympathetic from the PONs
What nerve induces inhibition of SNS
Efferent pelvic nerve in sacral region
What is the GFR for males and women?
120 for males
95 for women
What process of urine formation only has active transport?
Secretion
