Reproductive Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Relaxin?

A

a hormone produced by corpus luteum/placenta in response to hCG

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2
Q

What does relaxin do?

A

inhibits myometrial contractions (ensures quiescence in early pregnancy)

relaxes pelvic bones and ligaments/softens cervix

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3
Q

What produces prolactin?

A

the pituitary (NOT the placenta)

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4
Q

What inhibits significant lactation?

A

high levels of progesterone and estrogen

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5
Q

What hormone stimulates growth of lactotrophs and increases PRL secretion?

A

estrogen

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6
Q

What hormones does the placenta produce (takes over from the corpus luteum)?

A

1) hCG
2) progesterone
3) HPL (HCS)
4) estrogen

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7
Q

Where is the major site of estrogen synthesis in the pregnant mom?

A

placenta (but it lack 17, 18 desmolase so cannot convert progesterone to androgens/estrogens)

uses androgenic substances from mom and baby (has limited ability to synthesis cholesterol and relies on maternal LDL as cholesterol source)

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8
Q

Where are fetal estrogens made?

A

fetal adrenal gland (20X larger)

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9
Q

What is the purpose of sulfating DHEA?

A

makes it more biosoluble (but less bioactive)

placenta removes sulfate and synthesizes estradiol and estrone

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10
Q

Which estrogen form is made only from fetal liver precursor?

A

estriol

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11
Q

What is responsible for hydroxylating DHEA-S in the 16 position?

A

fetal liver

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12
Q

16-OH-DHEA-S diffuses to placenta where sulfate group is removed and it is aromatized to __________

A

estriol

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13
Q

Go through the flow of estriol production

A

Cholesterol (from mom) —-> pregnenolone (placenta) —> pregnenolone (fetus) —-> DHEA —> DHEA-S —–> 16-OH DHEA-S —–> 16-OH DHEA-S —–> estriol

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14
Q

List some of the things progesterone does during pregnancy

A

1) inhibits prostaglandins/contractions
2) decreases sensitivity to oxytocin
3) inhibits maternal immune response to antigenic fetus
4) Mammogenesis - stimulates alveolar pouches of mammary glands, increases in capacity to secrete milk

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15
Q

What is the caveat to progesterone’s influence on lactogenesis?

A

high E2/progesterone prevents it

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16
Q

What does estrogen do in pregnancy?

A

mammogenesis
growth of myometrium
softens pelvic ligaments

17
Q

True or false: the ratio of progesterone to estrogen is fundamental in pregnancy and partuition

A

TRUE

prog&raquo_space;> estrogen in pregnancy

estrogen&raquo_space;> prog in partuition

18
Q

What is the main thing that endocrine contraception accomplishes?

A

prevents LH surge/ovulation