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Endocrinology > Reproductive Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Reproductive Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important part of the Y chromosome?

A

SRY (sex determining region)

contains Testis Determining Factor (TDF)

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2
Q

XY mice w/o SRY develop _______

A

ovaries

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3
Q

XX mice with SRY develop _________

A

testis

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4
Q

Loss of 1 X chromosome from female results in _________________________________

A

ovarian dysgenesis but not loss of female ducts/genitalia

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5
Q

Do meiosis I and II result in haploid daughters?

A

yes

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6
Q

True or false: male meiosis is continuous process while female is punctuated

A

true

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7
Q

Where does oogenesis arrest before puberty?

A

substate of prophase of meiosis I (diplotene stage)

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8
Q

When does meiosis complete?

A

upon fertilization

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9
Q

Spermatogenesis develops how many daughter cells per germ cell? What about oogenesis?

A

Spermatogenesis: 4
Oogenesis: 1 (plue polar bodies)

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10
Q

how do oogonia replicate in the ovary?

A

Mitosis

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11
Q

what is atresia?

A

lots of eggs/oogonia thrown away (occurs right before birth)

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12
Q

How many eggs do women have at birth?

A

2.5 million

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13
Q

How many sperm are produced per day?

A

200 million

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14
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

puberty

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15
Q

What are 4 problems that can lead to defects in genetic sex?

A

1) Aneuploidy (change in # of chromosomes)
2) Mosaicism (different genotypes in different cells)
3) Chimerism (different zygotes that fuse)
4) Structural Errors (recombination)

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16
Q

Is gondal development hormone dependent?

A

NO (gonads produce the hormones, it can’t be)

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17
Q

Sertoli cells are like ____________ cells in the female

A

granulosa

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18
Q

What do sertoli cells produce?

A

anti mullerian hormone

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19
Q

Leydig cells are like _____________ cells in the female

A

Theca

20
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

testosterone

21
Q

What do the germ cells go on to become?

A

spermatogonia or oogonia

22
Q

What direct the specific development of gonads?

A

germ cells

23
Q

Development of the _________ (XY): seminiferous tubules, spermatogonia, sertoli cells, leydig cells

A

medulla

24
Q

Development of the _________ (XX): secondary sex cords, oogonia, theca cells, granulosa cells

A

cortex

25
Q

Are there exclusive female or male hormones?

A

NO, both sexes have similar hormones and receptors – dimorphism is due to differences in amounts of individual hormones

26
Q

What two hormones are necessary for male genital duct development?

A

1) testosterone (keep wolffian ducts)

2) AMH (degrade mullerian ducts)

27
Q

True or false: take out ovaries and testes and you still get mullerian ducts

A

TRUE

28
Q

What do the wolffian ducts become?

A

epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct

29
Q

What 2 functions does AMH have?

A

1) causes mullerian duct atrophy

2) coordinates development and stimulate of Leydig cells

30
Q

What do mullerian ducts develop into?

A

fallopian tubes, cervix, upper vagina

31
Q

Do female structures require estrogen to develop?

A

NO but they do require it to achieve normal size

32
Q

If TDF doesnt direct testicular development before 9 weeks, what happens?

A

an ovary develops

33
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone to DHT?

A

5a reductase

34
Q

What is responsible for male genitalia development?

A

DHT (via androgen receptors)

35
Q

What blocks 5a reductase?

A

Finesteride

36
Q

Define Klinefelter’s

A

XXY

seminiferous tubule dysgenesis (have wolffian duct and regressed mullerian)

low testosterone because Leydig cells are hit hard by stimulatory pathways (LH) and estradiol starts getting produced

37
Q

What is Turner’s syndrome?

A

XO (streak genitalia, never developed ovaries)

38
Q

Define male pseudohermaphroditism

A

have female external genitalia but testes

39
Q

What is AIS? (androgen insensitivity)

A

XY but no receptor for androgen so external genitalia is female (have testes which are making hormones but no way to process it)

40
Q

What testicular cells are stimulated by LH?

A

Leydig (L–>L)

41
Q

What testicular cells are stimulated by FSH?

A

Sertoli

42
Q

Which cells secrete inhibin?

A

Sertoli

43
Q

What effect does testosterone have on the hypothalamus and pituitary?

A

inhibits it

44
Q

What enzyme makes estradiol?

A

aromatase

45
Q

What does LH do in controlling testosterone production?

A

controls rate-limiting reaction (cholesterol to pregnenolone)

46
Q

Describe how testosterone travels through the blood?

A

45% bound to SHBG
55% bound to albumin and CBG
2% free

Endocrinology (16 decks)

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