Reproductive Endocrinology Flashcards
Ovulation coincides with a spike in ________ levels
LH
*and FSH to lesser extent
Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the release of LH and FSH
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Why does FSH begin to rise a few days after Menses
Falling levels of Inhibin, Progesterone and Estrogen (from last month’s failing Corpus Luteum)
After days ___, FSH levels are falling due to inc. Inhibin and Estradiol; will select a particular follicle still sensitive to FSH, which will be the one to ovulate
1-5
Increasing levels of __________ throughout the proliferative phase causes endometrial growth
Estradiol
High Estradiol (>200 pg/mL) sustained over 2 days causes the massive release of what hormone
LH
In response to the ______ surge, the oocyte is released and completes Meiosis I
LH
After ovulation, the ___________ and ___________ cells form the Corpus Luteum and secrete Estradiol and Progesterone.
Granulosa and Thecal
Medical term for Ovulation or Midcycle pain; usually ONE-sided; can be mistaken for appendicitis
Mittelschmerz
Purpose of Estradiol, Progesterone and Inhibin secretion from Corpus Luteum after ovulation.
Suppress FSH production from Pituitary; maintain thick endometrium; proliferation of glands and spiral arteries
The Corpus Luteum usually atrophies around _____ days after ovulation unless rescued by hCG (closely mimics LH) from the developing placenta
9-11
What hormone, from the developing placenta, helps prevent the atrophy of the Corpus Luteum
hCG (closely mimics LH)
At the end of the Menstrual/uterine cycle, a decline in ____, _____, and _______ results in the sloughing of the Endometrium
Progesterone, Estradiol, and inhibin
By Week _____ of gestation, the placenta takes over as the main source of steroid hormones, allowing the Corpus Luteum to finally atrophy
8
Sensitive methods of detecting _______ in the urine is the main method for pregnancy tests
hCG (made from developing placenta)
The production of thin, watery elastic cervical mucous via the ________ test indicates period of _______ (close to ovulation) due to high levels of __________.
Spinnbarkeit; maximal fertility; estrogen
Progesterone levels are elevated after day ______ of the menstrual cycle due to the Corpus Luteum
14
The difference between the first and second half of the menstrual cycle is the elevation of __________________
Progesterone (from the Corpus Luteum)
The Granulosa cells of the Follicle are responsible for secreting….
Estrogen (Early)
Estrogen and Progesterone (Late)
Theca Interna cells of the Ovary respond to _________ to secrete androstenedione necessary to stimulate the Granulosa to make estrogen
LH
Progesterone has a negative feedback effect on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary during what phase of the Menstrual cycle
Days 15-24 (post-ovulation/luteal phase/secretory phase)
Cholesterol is converted into pregnenolone by ______ which is responsible for rate limiting step in steroid synthesis.
cholesterol desmolase
cholesterol desmolase in ____ cells (in female) is stimulated by ____
theca; LH
Different types of estrogen
estrone (ovary, adipose tissue, skin, liver)
estradiol (ovary)
estriol (placenta)
activation of transcriptional processes or signaling events that control gene expression
genomic pathway
binding of plasma membrane receptors and activation of second messenger cascade
non-genomic pathway
estrogen signal primarily through a (genomic/non-genomic) pathway but can do both.
genomic pathway
______ stimulates proliferation of endometrium during proliferation phase of uterus.
_______ stimulates maturation of glands and spiral arteries in endometrium during secretory phase of uterus.
estrogen; progesterone
Unlike female ovary theca and granulosa cells, male testes have only _____ where testosterone is produced from cholesterol.
Leydig cells
Testosterone can be converted into DHT (more potent androgen) by
5a-reductase
_____ is synthesized in Leydig cells and diffuses to _____ cells where it binds to ABP. ABP production is stimulated by _____.
testosterone; Sertoli; FSH
