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Reproductive-Week 1/2 > Female Perineum & Reproductive Organs > Flashcards

Female Perineum & Reproductive Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Diamond shaped region between the upper thighs and below the pelvic diaphragm

A

Perineum

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2
Q

The Perineum is divided into what 2 “triangles”

A 
Urogenital triangle (anterior)
Anal triangle (posterior)
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3
Q

The Female perineum contains paired folds of skin called _________ that surround the urethral and vaginal orifices

A

Labia

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4
Q

All of the external female genital structures are collectively known as the…

A

Vulva

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5
Q

What structures compose the Vulva (7 total)

A 
Mons pubis
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Clitoris
Vestibule of the Vagina
Bulbs of the Vestibule
Greater Vestibular Glands
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6
Q

Superficial mound of fatty subcutaneous tissues that lies anterior to the Pubic Symphysis

A

Mons Pubis

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7
Q

Bilateral folds of fatty, hair covered tissue that surrounds the female genitalia; join anteriorly and posteriorly at commissures

A

Labia Majora

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8
Q

Bilateral folds of hairless skin that flank the vestibule of the vagina

A

Labia Minora

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9
Q

Fusion of the Labia Minora, forming a fold over the Clitoris

A

Prepuce of the Clitoris

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10
Q

Fusion of the Labia Minora just POSTERIOR to the Clitoris

A

Frenulum of the Clitoris

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11
Q

Area between the Labia Minora; contains the Urethral Orifice, Vaginal Orifice and openings for the Greater Vestibular Glands

A

Vestibule of vagina

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12
Q

What Orifices are located in the Vestibule (3 total)

A

External Urethral
Vaginal
Greater Vestibular Glands (Bartholin’s)

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13
Q

Orifice within the Vestibule; is POSTERIOR to the Clitoris and ANTERIOR to the vaginal opening

A

External Urethral Orifice

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14
Q

The External Urethral Orifice is located (anterior/posterior) to the Clitoris and (anterior/posterior) to the Vaginal opening

A

Posterior to Clitoris

Anterior to Vaginal opening

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15
Q

Largest orifice within the Vestibule; normally partially closed at birth by Hymen

A

Vaginal Orifice

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16
Q

There are ______ openings for the Greater Vestibular Glands in the Vestibule

A

2 (one on each side of the vaginal orifice)

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17
Q

Paired elongated masses of erectile tissue, one on each side of the vaginal orifice; covered by the Bulbospongiosus muscles; thin out anteriorly and fuse to form the Clitoris

A

Vestibular Bulbs

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18
Q

Glands on either side of the Vestibule; function to secrete mucous to lubricate the vagina

A

Greater Vestibular Glands (Bartholin’s glands)

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19
Q

Purpose of the Greater Vestibular Glands (Bartholin’s glands)

A

Secrete mucous to lubricate the vagina

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20
Q

Fancy name for the Greater Vestibular Glands

A

Bartholin’s glands

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21
Q

What are the 3 branches of the Pudendal nerve

A

Inferior Rectal
Perineal
Dorsal Clitoral

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22
Q

Which ARTERY and NERVE supply the majority of the External Female Genitalia

A

Internal Pudendal Artery
Pudendal nerve

*both within the Pudendal Canal

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23
Q

What approaches can an OB/GYN take to perform a Pudendal Nerve Block (2 total)

A

Transvaginal

Transcutaneous

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24
Q

Which landmark do you need to identify in order to perform a Pudendal Nerve Block

A

Ischial spine

  • transvaginal or transcutaneous approach
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25
Q

The Camper’s fascia is continuous with the Colle’s fascia in the Perineum (True or False)

A

False; the Scarpa’s fascia is the one that is continuous with the Colle’s fascia

  • Females don’t have Darto’s fascia.
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26
Q

Another name for the Colles’ Fascia

A

Superficial Perineal Fascia

*continuous with Scarpa’s fascia

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27
Q

Tough fibrous sheet that extends between the Ischiopubic Rami within UROGENITAL TRIANGLE; located just deep to the Colles’ fascia; separates the Superficial and Deep Perineal spaces; serves as a platform for the erectile tissues

A

Perineal Membrane

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28
Q

Function of the Perineal Membrane

A

Serve as base for Erectile tissue

*also separate Superficial and Deep Perineal spaces

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29
Q

4 Muscles of the FEMALE Superficial Perineal space (space b/w colles’ fascia and perineal membrane)

A 
Bulbospongiosus muscles (1)
Ischiocavernousus muscles (2)
Superficial Transverse Perineal muscles (3)
Perineal body (4)

*also have nerves, vessels, bulbs, glands, and clitoris.

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30
Q

4 structures of the FEMALE Deep Perineal space (space above the perineal membrane)

A

Membranous Urethra and Sphincter (1)
Compressor urethrae and Urethrovaginal sphincter (2)
Deep Transverse Perineal muscles (3)
Perineal body (4)

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31
Q

Paired wedge-shaped spaces on either side of the anal canal; filled with fat and connective tissue to support anal canal; contains the Pudendal Canal with the arteries and nerves; extends anteriorly into urogenital triangle deep to the Perineal Membrane

A

Ischioanal Fossae

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32
Q

The Ischioanal Fossae extends anteriorly into the Urogenital Triangle deep to the Perineal Membrane (True or False)

A

True (see green arrows)

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33
Q

Contents of the Pudendal Canal (Alcock’s canal)

A

Pudendal nerve

Internal Pudendal vessels

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34
Q

FEMALE pear-shaped muscular organ in the middle of the Pelvis; POSTERIOR to bladder and ANTERIOR to rectum

A

Uterus

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35
Q

Normal site of implantation of a fertilized egg and development of the fetus

A

Uterus

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36
Q

Top part of the Uterus

A

Fundus

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37
Q

Middle part of the Uterus

A

Body

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38
Q

Narrow, lowest part of the Uterus; is the least mobile part; has both a supravaginal and vaginal part

A

Cervix

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39
Q

What are the two parts of the Cervix

A

Supravaginal (above vagina)

Vaginal (protrudes into the upper vagina)

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40
Q

Recesses on either side created by the vaginal part of the Cervix

A

Vaginal Fornices (recesses/spaces)

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41
Q

Narrow space within the Uterus

A

Uterine cavity

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42
Q

Connection/fusion point between the Uterine Cavity and the Cervical canal

A

Internal os (orifice)

43
Q

Connection/fusion point between the cervical canal and vaginal canal.

A

External os (orifice)

44
Q

Recess between the Uterus and the Bladder

A

Vesicouterine pouch

45
Q

Recess between the Uterus and the Rectum

A

Rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas)

46
Q

The ___________ of the Uterus is mobile

A

Body (changes with fullness of bladder and rectum)

47
Q

Normal position of the Uterus

A

Anteflexed (body of uterus forward) and Anteverted (cervix of uterus forward)

48
Q

Main blood supply for the Uterus

A

Uterine artery (a branch of anterior division of Internal Iliac)

*some from Ovarian and Vaginal arteries too

49
Q

The Uterine artery traverses through the ____________ ligament at the base of the Uterus.

Ovarian artery traverses through _______ ligament.

A

Cardinal; IP (aka. suspensory ligament)

50
Q

Autonomic innervation of the Uterus

A

Pelvic plexus (Inferior Hypogastric Plexus)

51
Q

The important anastomosis of the uterine and ovarian arteries occurs at the ______ Ligament of the Uterus, forming the ___________

A

round; sampson artery

52
Q

Very important anastomosis of the Uterine and Ovarian arteries; dissected during hysterectomies

A

Sampson artery

53
Q

Female gonads; ovoid structures that produce eggs and reproductive hormones; reside on the lateral walls of the Pelvic cavity

A

Ovaries

54
Q

Ligament that encloses the Ovarian artery/veins/nerves

A

infundibulopelvic “IP” ligament

  • aka suspensory ligament of ovary
55
Q

Ovarian arteries arise from the…

A

Abdominal Aorta (much like the testes)

56
Q

The Ovarian veins drain where (hint: not same place)

A

Left: Left Renal Vein
Right: IVC

*same pattern with testes

57
Q

Ovaries are connected to the superolateral aspect of the Uterus by what ligament?

A

Ligament of the Ovary (rather simple)

58
Q

Normal site of FERTILIZATION in the Uterus

A

Uterine Tubes (Fallopian, Oviducts)

59
Q

Most common sites of Ectopic Pregnancies

A

Uterine Tubes (Fallopian, Oviducts)

60
Q

4 parts of the Uterine Tubes

A

Uterine/intramural (1)
Isthmus (2)
Ampulla (3)
Infundibulum (4)

61
Q

Narrowest part of the Uterine tube

A

Isthmus

62
Q

Longest and widest part of the Uterine tube; normal site for Fertilization

A

Ampulla

63
Q

Trumpet-shaped terminal part of the Uterine Tube; OPEN TO PERITONEAL CAVITY; has finger-like fimbriae

A

Infundibulum

64
Q

The Uterine Tube is open to the peritoneal cavity (True or False)

A

True (has fimbriae to propel eggs into tube) (fimbriae is actually pretty close to ovary)

65
Q

The main blood supplies for the Uterine Tubes

A

Ovarian artery
Uterine artery

*remember the important anastomosis between the two, the Sampson artery

66
Q

Ligaments of the Uterus that originate near the Fundus on either side; pass through the Deep Inguinal rings, traverse the Inguinal canal and insert into Labia Majoria

A

Round Ligament

67
Q

The Cardinal Ligament of the Uterus traverses through the Deep Inguinal rings (True or False)

A

False; it’s the Round Ligament

68
Q

Ligament of the Uterus; a double fold of peritoneum that extends laterally from each side to the walls of the Pelvic Cavity

A

Broad Ligament

69
Q

3 parts of the Broad Ligament of the Uterus

A

Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium

70
Q

Part of Broad Ligament of the Uterus; ensheaths the Uterine tube

A

Mesosalpinx

71
Q

Part of Broad Ligament of the Uterus; suspends the Ovary

A

Mesovarium

72
Q

Part of Broad Ligament of the Uterus; connects the Uterus to the sidewalls of the Pelvis

A

Mesometrium

73
Q

Paired ligaments that connect the Cervix to the Sacrum; maintains the Anteverted position of the uterus

A

Uterosacral Ligaments

74
Q

Ligament of the Uterus; connects Cervix to sidewalls; transmits the Uterine artery; Ureter passes underneath the uterine artery

A

Cardinal Ligaments

  • aka transverse cervical ligaments
  • aka Makenrodt’s ligaments
75
Q

The Ureter passes (over/under) the Cardinal Ligament and Uterine arteries

A

Under

“water under the bridge”

76
Q

Fibromuscular tube that connects the Cervix to the external os (Orifice); serves as inferior part of birth canal and conduit for the penis during intercourse

A

Vagina

77
Q

The (Anterior/Posterior) Vaginal Fornix is in contact with the Rectouterine Pouch, allowing for access to peritoneal cavity and fluid

A

Posterior

78
Q

Process of removing a sample of fluid/tissue through the Posterior Vaginal Fornix into the Rectouterine Pouch (pouch of douglas)

A

Culdocentesis

79
Q

Fancy name for the Rectouterine Pouch

A

Pouch of Douglas

80
Q

The Ureters are (intra/retro)peritoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

81
Q

Muscular tubes around 25-30 cm long; convey urine from the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureters

82
Q

The Ureters go (over/under) the Gonadal artery and vein

A

Under

83
Q

The Ureters go (over/under) the Iliac artery and vein

A

Over

84
Q

Site of the junction of the Ureter and the Bladder

A

Uretero-vesical Junction

85
Q

Muscular reservoir for the temporary storage of urine; lies UNDER the peritoneum

A

Bladder

86
Q

The bladder is (intra/retro/sub)peritoneal

A

Subperitoneal

87
Q

Top part of Bladder; near the Pubic Symphysis

A

Apex

88
Q

Posterior part of the Bladder

A

Fundus

89
Q

Inferior, narrow, least mobile portion of the Bladder

A

Neck

90
Q

Smooth muscles that compose the walls of the Bladder

A

Detrusor muscle

91
Q

The Internal Urethral Sphincter is under (somatic/autonomic) control

A

Autonomic

92
Q

Triangular-shaped region of muscle within the Bladder; corners are formed by the 2 ureter and 1 urethral openings

A

Trigone

93
Q

The External Urethral Sphincter is made of (smooth/skeletal) muscle and is under control of the (hypogastric plexus/ pudendal nerve)

A

Skeletal (voluntary); Pudendal nerve (somatic control)

94
Q

The lymph of the Ovaries (and testes) drain into the ____ nodes

A

Lumbar (Aortic)

95
Q

Lymph from the superficial perineal structures (skin of perineum) drains into the ________ nodes.

Lymph from the deeper perineal structures (erectile tissues) drains into the ________ nodes.

Lymph from the GLANS of clitoris/penis drains into the ________ nodes.

Eventually they all drain into ______ —> ______.

A
  1. superficial Inguinal
  2. internal iliac
  3. deep inguinal
  4. thoracic duct; left subclavian
96
Q

Lymph from the upper 3/4 (close to pelvis) of the Vagina drains into the ________ nodes.

Lymph from the lower 1/4 (close to perineum) of the Vagina drains into the ________ nodes.

A
  1. Iliac

2. inguinal

97
Q

____________ or tear could disrupt the perineal body

A

midline episiotomy

98
Q

Besides the pudendal nerve, what other nerves provide sensory innervation to some anterior portion of female perineum?

A
  1. ilioinguinal nerve

2. genitofemoral nerve

99
Q

The pudendal nerve originates from

A

sacral plexus (s2-s4)

100
Q

The pudendal canal (Alcock’s canal) is located within

A

ischioanal fossae

101
Q

Clogging and infection of Bartholin’s gland can cause obstruction to the outflow resulting in a collection of fluid inside the duct called ______ cyst.

A

Bartholin’s

102
Q

Ligaments that arise from the body of uterus

A

round ligaments

broad ligaments

103
Q

Ligaments that arise from the cervix of uterus

A

Uterosacral ligaments

cardinal (transverse cervical or Makenrodt’s) ligaments

Reproductive-Week 1/2 (14 decks)

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