Benign Lesions of GU Tract

Question 1

What does the urothelium cover?

Answer 1

Renal Pelvis
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

Question 2

specialized epithelium of the GU system; composed of multiple layers of cells with superficial umbrella cells; lines the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra

Answer 2

Urothelium

Question 3

Examples of congenital GU anomalies

Answer 3

• Duplicated ureter
• Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
• Bladder diverticula

Question 4

Stones, clots, tumors, posterior urethral valves/strictures can cause (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) urinary obstruction:

Answer 4

Intrinsic

Question 5

neighboring neoplasms, BPH, pregnancy can cause (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) urinary obstruction:

Answer 5

Extrinsic

Question 6

Consequences of urinary obstruction

Answer 6

Hydroureter
Hydronephrosis
Renal atrophy (if unilateral)
Renal failure (if bilatera)

Question 7

inflammation of the kidney is ______.

inflammation of the bladder is _____.

Answer 7

Pyelonephritis; Cystitis

Question 8

inflammation of the bladder; risk factors include a short urethra in females, BPH in males, or instruments (catheters or cystoscopy); can be due to infections (TB, schistosomiasis) or non-infections (radiation/chemo)

Answer 8

Cystitis

Question 9

Role of Sertoli cells in the testis

Answer 9

help nourish and support germ cells to make sperm

Question 10

Role of Leydig cells in the testis

Answer 10

produce testosterone

Question 11

failure of the testis to descend into the scrotum; usually in inguinal canal; causes histologic changes of hyalinized seminiferous tubules w/ absent germ cells (infertility if bilateral); increased risk of germ cell neoplasms

Answer 11

Cryptorchidism

Question 12

inflammation of the testis; histologic changes include granulomas and necrosis; commonly caused by gram - bacteria, syphilis, and mumps

Answer 12

Orchitis

Question 13

twisting of the spermatic cord, infarcting the testis within a few hours; very painful; more common in adolescents and young adults after vigorous exercise; histological change includes hemorrhagic necrosis; an EMERGENCY

Answer 13

Testicular Torsion

Question 14

accumulation of clear fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis in the scrotum; presents as scrotal mass; diagnose with trans illumination

Answer 14

Hydrocele

Question 15

dilatation or cyst of the epididymis

Answer 15

Spermatocele

Question 16

dilatation of the venous pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord; the most common cause of infertility

Answer 16

Varicocele

Question 17

external genitalia lesion; inflammation of penile skin; histology shows top collagen layer with bottom chronic inflammation layer

Answer 17

Balanitis

Question 18

external genitalia lesion; fibrous plaque in tunica albuginea leading to curvature of the penis shaft; histology shows hot pink dense fibromatosis adjacent to corpus cavernosa

Answer 18

Peyronie’s disease

Question 19

external genitalia lesion; associated with HPV 6 and 11; cauliflower shaped wart; histology shows cauliflower warty growth (Koilocytes)

Answer 19

Condyloma acuminatum (genital warts)