Breast Anatomy and Pathology Flashcards
- The Breast tissue ranges vertically from rib ____ to ____.
- The breast tissue extends transversally from the _____ (medially) to _____ (laterally).
- 2 to 6
2. sternum to axilla
Lateral extension of the Breast tissue
Axillary Process (“tail of Spence”)
The nipple lies at the center of the heavily pigmented region called the ____ and is located at about _____ intercostal space.
Areola; 4th
Sebaceous glands that open onto the surface of the Areola; lubricate and protect the nipple area during lactation
Areolar Glands
Each glandular (mammary) tissue consists of 10-20 lobes, each with it’s own _______ that open onto the nipple
Lactiferous Duct
Dilated section of the Lactiferous Duct at the nipple
Lactiferous Sinus
Mammary glands are firmly attached to the overlying dermis by connective tissue called…
Suspensory Ligaments (aka ligaments of Cooper)
Layer of connective tissue that separates the breast from the Pectoralis Major; allows some degree of motion/movement; tumors that grow past this indicate advanced carcinoma
Retromammary space
3 main blood supplies for the breast
Internal Thoracic artery (medial side)
Axillary artery (lateral side)
Intercostal arteries
Sensory innervation of the Breast
- 2nd through 6th intercostal nerves
2. supraclavicular nerves (branches of cervical plexus)
The Majority of lymph from the breast drains into the ________ nodes
Axillary
*rest to parasternal nodes (lymph from medial portion of breast) and abdominal nodes (lymph from inferior portion of breast)
Which subgroup of Axillary Lymph nodes receives the majority of Breast lymph
Pectoral
Typical pattern of lymph flow from the Breast
Breast–> Axillary nodes (Pectoral)–> Central nodes–> Apical nodes–> Venous system
- Right side lymph eventually drains into ______ at the right venous angle.
- Left side lymph eventually drains into ______ at the left venous angle.
- Lymphatic duct
- Thoracic duct
* both finally drains into right and left subclavian veins.
- Tumors of the breast can block lymphatic ducts, resulting in edema and a ____________ appearance.
- Tumors of the breast can pull and contract the suspensory ligaments (ligament of Cooper) of the breast, resulting in a ______ appearance.
- orange peel-like
2. Dimpling
A surgical procedure used to determine whether cancer has spread beyond a primary tumor into the lymphatic system
Sentinel node biopsy
- sentinel nodes are the first lymph node into which a tumor drains.
What are two complications seen after Mastectomy
- Winged-Scapula (long thoracic nerve damage causing serratus anterior muscle paralysis)
- Chronic Lymph Edema of a limb (interruption of lymphatic vessel/nodes within axilla)
The Lactiferous ducts and lobular acini are composed of what three cell types?
Epithelial (secretory)
Myoepithelial (contractile)
Stem cell
What are the most important BENIGN Breast lesions (5 total)
Fibrocystic changes Fibroadenoma Intraductal Papilloma Fat Necrosis Gynecomastia
BENIGN Breast lesion; MOST COMMON breast tumor of young women; MOBILE; can enlarge with pregnancy or menstrual cycle; CLEAN margins; glandular structures with ductal/stromal proliferation but NO cellular atypia; usually surgically excised
Fibroadenoma
Histologic findings for Fibroadenoma
Glandular
Ductal/Stromal Proliferation
NO Cellular Atypia
Fibroadenomas are (sessile/mobile)
Mobile (benign lesion)
RARE BENIGN breast lesion; BULKY, FIRM masses; more common in African American women; has numerous CYSTIC spaces in a leaf-like appearance; may recur after excision and metastasize; stromal mitosis
Phyllodes Tumor
Benign breast lesion; PAINFUL and unilateral; usually after trauma, breast surgery or radiation; can see induration (hardening), calcification, IRREGULAR contours and retraction of skin; biopsy needed for diagnosis but no management required; foamy histiocytes and muti-nucleated giant cells can be seen histologically
Fat Necrosis
