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Reproductive-Week 1/2 > Female Pelvis & Perineum > Flashcards

Female Pelvis & Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

The Hip bone is also known as the _________ bone

A

Innominate

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2
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the hip

A

Illium (crests)
Ischium
Pubis

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3
Q

Attachments for the Inguinal Ligament

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine–> Pubic Tubercle

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4
Q

The Pubis has 2 rami (True or False)

A

True (superior and inferior)

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5
Q

Angle inbetween the inferior rami of the pubis bones as they approach the symphysis; is wider in females to facilitate childbirth

A

Pubic Arch

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6
Q

The LATERAL attachment for the Inguinal Ligament

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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7
Q

The MEDIAL attachment for the Inguinal Ligament

A

Pubic Tubercle

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8
Q

Pointed triangular eminence pointing behind the Ischium; separates the Greater and Lesser Sciatic notches; IMPORTANT landmark for Pudendal nerve blocks

A

Ischial Spine

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9
Q

Pelvic structure that serves as important landmark when performing Pudendal nerve blocks

A

Ischial Spine

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10
Q

The Ischial Spine separates what two structures

A

The Greater and Lesser Sciatic Notches

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11
Q

Tuberosity located on the posteroinferior aspect of the hip; serves as attachment for the hamstring muscles

A

Ischial Tuberosity

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12
Q

Bony connection between the Ischium and the Inferior Ramus of the Pubis; site of attachment for erectile tissues of the genitalia

A

Ischiopubic Ramus

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13
Q

Opening at the inferior end of the Sacrum

A

Sacral Hiatus

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14
Q

Main differences between the Male and Female Pelvis

A

Male: taller, narrower with smaller Pubic arch
Female: larger, broader and wider Pubic arch

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15
Q

Muscular lining that defines the floor of the Pelvic cavity

A

Pelvic Diaphragm

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16
Q

The Pelvic Inlet is also known as…

A

the Pelvic Brim

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17
Q

What divides the Pelvis into the “true” and “false” pelvis

A

Pelvic Inlet (or Brim)

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18
Q

Strong synovial joints between the sacrum and the Hip bones (ilium)

A

Sacroiliac joints

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19
Q

Strong cartilaginous joint at the anterior midline that joins the Pubic bones

A

Pubic Symphysis

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20
Q

What hormone, during pregnancy, relaxes the hip ligaments (Sacroiliac, Pubic Symphysis, etc.) to facilitate childbirth

A

Relaxin

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21
Q

What two posterior ligaments help to further stabilize the Sacrum to the hip bones

A 
Sacrospinous ligament (sacrum to ischial spine)
Sacrotuberous ligament (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)
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22
Q

What foramina are present in the Hip (3 total)

A

Greater Sciatic foramen
Lesser Sciatic foramen
Obturator foramen

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23
Q

The Pelvic (wall/floor) muscles eventually exit the pelvic cavity and attach to the femur to move the hip joint

A

Wall

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24
Q

The Pelvic (wall/floor) muscles support the overlying pelvic organs

A

Floor

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25
Q

Examples of Pelvic Wall muscles (2 total)

A

Piriformis

Obturator Internus

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26
Q

Pelvic Wall muscle; forms the posterior wall of pelvis and passes through the Greater Sciatic Foramen and attaches to femur

A

Piriformis

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27
Q

Pelvic Wall muscle; forms the lateral wall of the pelvis and passes through the Lesser Sciatic Foramen and attaches to femur

A

Obturator Internus

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28
Q

The Piriformis exits through the (Greater/Lesser) Sciatic Foramen

A

Greater

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29
Q

The Obturator Internus exits through the (Greater/Lesser) Sciatic Foramen

A

Lesser

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30
Q

Thickening of the Obturator Fascia (which covers obturator internus); forms a line from the Pubis to the Ischial Spine; site of attachment for pelvic floor muscles

A

Arcus Tendineus

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31
Q

What are the muscles that form the Pelvic Diaphragm (2 total)

A

Levator Ani*
Coccygeus

*largest

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32
Q

Which of the Pelvic Floor muscles, the Levator Ani or the Coccygeus, is the largest

A

Levator Ani

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33
Q

The Levator Ani is made of what 3 muscles

A

Pubococcygeus (middle)
Iliococcygeus (posterior)
Puborectalis (anorectal)

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34
Q

Opening in the Levator Ani pelvic floor muscle; allows passage of the Urethra, Vagina and Rectum

A

Levator Hiatus

35
Q

The Levator Hiatus allows the passage of what structures

A

Urethra
Vagina
Rectum

36
Q

Pelvic floor muscle that plays a huge role in Urinary and Fecal continence

A

pelvic diaphragm (especially Levator Ani b/c it’s the largest and has puborectalis that surrounds the levator hiatus)

37
Q

Fibromuscular mass (central tendon of perineum) at the base of the pelvic diaphragm; site were several muscles of the Perineum converge; essential for the integrity of the Pelvic floor, and if ruptured during vaginal birth –> causes organ prolapse

A

Perineal body

38
Q

Strongest of the Levator Ani pelvic floor muscles; tears (during childbirth) can result in cystocele (bladder incontinence) and rectocele (defecatory dysfunction)

A

Pubococcygeus

39
Q

Prolapse of the bladder through the Pelvic diaphragm

A

Cystocele

40
Q

Prolapse of the rectum through the Pelvic diaphragm

A

Rectocele

41
Q

Peritoneal recess between the Bladder and Uterus

A

Vesicouterine Pouch

42
Q

Peritoneal recess between the Uterus and the Rectum

A

Rectouterine Pouch

43
Q

The Rectouterine Pouch is also known as…

A

the Pouch of Douglas

44
Q

The most inferior recess of the FEMALE Peritoneal cavity

A

Rectouterine Pouch

45
Q

Peritoneal recess between the Bladder and Rectum (only in Males)

A

Rectovesical Pouch

46
Q

Which Peritoneal recess is ONLY seen in Males

A

Rectovesical pouch (because females have the uterus between the bladder and rectum instead)

47
Q

The most inferior recess of the MALE Peritoneal cavity

A

Rectovesical Pouch

48
Q

Subperitoneal space between the Pubic Symphysis and the Bladder

A

Retropubic space

49
Q

Subperitoneal space between the Rectum and Sacrum

A

Retrorectal space

50
Q

fibrous fascia/septum between the Rectum and Vagina

A

Rectovaginal septum/fascia

51
Q

The pelvic viscera are vascularized by the (external/internal) Iliac artery

A

Internal

52
Q

The Aorta divides into the Right and Left Common Iliac arteries at what vertebral level

A

L4

53
Q

The Internal Iliac artery descends into the Pelvic cavity and further divides into what?

A

Anterior and Posterior division

54
Q

The Posterior division of the Internal Iliac artery has what branches?

A

Iliolumbar
Lateral Sacral
Superior Gluteal

(Mnemonic: I Like Spaghetti)

55
Q

The (Anterior/Posterior) division of the Internal Iliac Artery provides the main supply for the Pelvic Viscera

A

Anterior

56
Q

Branch of the Anterior division of the Internal Iliac artery; traverses OVER the ureter to supply the Uterus

A

Uterine artery

57
Q

The Ureter goes (over/under) the Uterine artery

A

Under

58
Q

Branch of the Anterior division of the Internal Iliac artery; supplies the Perineum

A

Internal Pudendal artery

59
Q

Which branch of the Anterior division of the Internal Iliac actually EXITS the Pelvis through the Greater Sciatic Foramen, traverses AROUND the ischial spine, and RE-ENTERS the Lesser Sciatic Foramen

A

Internal Pudendal Artery

60
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the Internal Pudendal artery

A 
Inferior Rectal artery (external anal sphincter)
Perineal artery
Dorsal Clitoral (or dorsal penile) artery
61
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the ventral ramus of the L1 nerve

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

Ilioinguinal nerve

62
Q

Division of the L1 ventral ramus; supplies sensation to the hypogastric region

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

63
Q

Division of the L1 ventral ramus; passes through the inguinal canal and supplies sensation to the scrotum and labia majora

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

64
Q

Nerve from L1 and L2; provides sensation for the medial groin and labia/scrotum

A

Genitofemoral nerve

65
Q

The main source of SOMATIC innervation for the Perineum is what?

A

Pudendal nerve

66
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the Pudendal nerve

A

Inferior Rectal nerve (anus)
Perineal nerve (scrotum/labia)
Dorsal penile/clitoral nerve

*same divisions as the artery

67
Q

Inferior Hypogastric Plexus is aka

A

Pelvic Plexus

68
Q

Inferior Hypogastric Plexus is divided into what smaller plexuses

A
  1. Vesical plexus
  2. Uterovaginal plexus
  3. Rectal Plexus
69
Q

A smaller plexus of Inferior Hypogastric Plexus that provides autonomic innervation to the bladder

A

Vesical plexus

70
Q

A smaller plexus of Inferior Hypogastric Plexus that provides autonomic innervation to the uterus and vagina

A

Uterovaginal plexus

71
Q

Sympathetic splanchnic nerves arise from

A

T10-L2

72
Q

Parasympathetic splanchnic nerves arise from

A

S2-4

73
Q

Parasympathetic splanchnic nerves is aka

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

74
Q

Pain sensations from the fundus and body of uterus are conveyed via visceral sensory nerves that retrograde with the

A

Sympathetic splanchnic nerves (T10-L2)

75
Q

Pain sensations from the cervix and upper vagina are conveyed via visceral sensory nerves that retrograde with the

A

pelvic (parasympathetic) splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

76
Q

Creates an imaginary line within the pelvis for pain

A

pelvic pain line

77
Q

When structures above or in contact with the peritoneum convey visceral pain sensations via the sympathetic splanchnic nerves is referred to as

A

above the pelvic pain line

78
Q

When structures below the peritoneum convey visceral pain sensations via the pelvic splanchnic nerves is referred to as

A

below the pelvic pain line

79
Q

Pelvic diaphragm/Levator ani is innervated by what nerves?

A

Sacral nerves (S2-S4) and pudendal nerve

80
Q

What skeletal muscles are strengthened by kegel exercises?

A

Pelvic diaphragm/pelvic floor muscles (levator ani majorly)

  • Pubococcygeus (middle)
  • Iliococcygeus (posterior)
  • Puborectalis (anorectal)
81
Q

Weakening of pelvic diaphragm can result in prolapse of

A

uterus, bladder, and rectum

82
Q

spaces filled with a loose connective tissue called endopelvic fascia

A

subperitoneal recesses

  • starts with “RETRO-“
83
Q

What nerves traverse alongside the ischial spine?

A
  1. pudendal nerve

2. Sacral plexus (S2-S4)

Reproductive-Week 1/2 (14 decks)

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