Male Genitourinary Flashcards
1
Q
What cartilagenous structure is located anterior to the bladder
A
Pubic symphysis (part of pelvis)
2
Q
paired organs located along the posterior of the abdominal wall; serve to filter the blood, produce urine, maintain BP and ionic balance; span from T12-L3
A
Kidneys
3
Q
Which kidney is lower than the other: right or left?
A
Right; slightly offset due to the liver
4
Q
Inner lining of the abdomino-pelvic cavity
A
Peritoneum
5
Q
Examples of retro-, or sub-, peritoneal organs; located beneath the peritoneum
A
Kidney, ureters, bladder, rectum, prostate, aorta, IVC
6
Q
The bladder, rectum and prostate are located within the peritoneum (True or False)
A
False: they are actually beneath, or outside, of the peritoneum in the lower, pelvic cavity
7
Q
Ureter is crossed by ______.
Ureter crosses over _______ (pelvic area).
Ureter courses under _______ near bladder.
A
- gonadal vessels (arteries & veins)
- Bifurcation of common iliac vessels
- ductus deferens
8
Q
Ureter enters bladder at
A
uretero-vesical junction
9
Q
Name all arteries that vascularize ureters (6 total)
A
- Abdominal portion
- Renal (branches of aorta)
- Gonadal
- Aorta
- Common iliac - Pelvic portion
- Internal iliac
- Vesical
10
Q
conveys sperm from the testicles into the pelvis
A
ductus deferens
aka. vas deferens
11
Q
Bladder lies posterior to ________ and is covered by ______ superiorly.
A
pubic symphysis
peritoneum
12
Q
The most inferior point in the male abdominopelvic cavity; space located b/w the rectum and bladder
A
Rectovesical pouch
13
Q
muscular tubes, approximately 30 cm long, that convey urine from kidneys to bladder via peristalsis; go underneath ductus (vas) deferens before connecting to bladder (“water under the bridge)
A
ureters
14
Q
The ureters are located behind the peritoneum, and thus are considered retro-peritoneal (True or False)
A
True
15
Q
The abdominal portion of the ureter descends along the anterior aspect of what muscle
A
Psoas muscle
16
Q
Four parts of urinary bladder
A
- Apex
- Fundus
- Body
- Neck
17
Q
The part of bladder that is near the pubic symphysis
A
Apex
18
Q
The part of bladder that is base or posterior wall
A
Fundus
19
Q
The part that forms the majority of the bladder
A
Body
20
Q
The part of bladder that is inferior narrow portion
A
Neck
21
Q
The LEAST mobile region of bladder
A
Neck
22
Q
smooth muscle that forms the wall of the bladder; autonomic control
A
Detrusor muscle
23
Q
Smooth muscle near the neck of the bladder forms
A
INternal urethral sphincter
24
Q
INternal urethral sphincter is under control of what type of nervous system?
A
autonomic
25
Skeletal muscle that contracts to prevent urination, whereas its relaxation allows urination
EXternal urethral sphincter
26
External urethral sphincter is under control of what type of nervous system?
Voluntary control of somatic nervous system
27
___ urethral sphincter is located above prostate, and ___ urethral sphincter is located below prostate.
Internal; External
28
medical term for urination
Micturition
29
A triangular-shaped region on the internal surface of the urinary bladder that contains openings of ureters and a urethral opening/orifice.
Trigone
30
Paired convoluted tubules that produce 70% of the seminal fluid; lie superior to the prostate, between the bladder and rectum
seminal glands (aka. seminal vesicles)
31
seminal vesicles secrete
fructose, proteins, citric acid, and prostaglandins
32
Each seminal vesicle joins the ampulla (dilated portion of ductus deferens) and forms ______ which pierces prostate and urethra
ejaculatory ducts
* this is where sperm (from testes) and seminal fluid (from seminal vesicles) traverse through during ejaculation.
33
What contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde flow of semen into the bladder
INternal urethral sphincter
34
small glands that add additional secretions (an alkaline mucous called pre-ejaculate) to the seminal fluid and join the urethra within the penis
Bulbourethral glands (Cowper's)
35
accessory reproductive gland that produces 25% of the seminal fluid (prostate specific antigen); base (superior surface) sits beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra; apex points towards external urethral sphincter; surrounded by fibrmuscular capsule
Prostate gland
36
What does prostate gland secrete?
- PSA enzymes (prostate specific antigen)
| - Secretion to aid sperm motility
37
The prostate gland is generally divided into what lobes
Anterior (anterior to urethra)
Posterior (posterior to urethra)
Middle (b/w urethra and ejaculatory duct)
Lateral (right & left sides of urethra)
38
Three zones of prostate
1. Transition (aka. periurethral)
2. Central (aka. inner)
3. Peripheral (aka. outer)
39
network of veins around the prostate gland; drains venous blood from prostate into nearby iliac veins; also communicates with the venous plexus of vertebral column (Baton's Plexus); may explain why neoplastic cells from prostate cancers frequently spread to the vertebral column
Prostatic venous plexus
40
venous plexus of vertebral column
Baton's Plexus
41
muscular conduit for urine and semen (males); has 3 parts (prostatic, membranous and spongy)
Urethra
42
What are the 3 parts of the urethra
1. Prostatic part (surrounded by prostate)
2. Membranous part (surrounded by the external urethral sphincter)
3. Spongy parts (passes through the erectile tissue of the penis)
- Bulbous portion (through the bulb of penis)
- Penile portion (through the body of penis)
43
a small central eminence (bump) along the posterior wall of prostatic part of urethra; it's where the ejaculatory ducts and prostatic ductules open into the urethra
Seminal Colliculus
44
The neurovasculature of the testes and the ductus deferens are within what structure
Spermatic Cord
45
fibromuscular sac that houses the testes; has two layers (outer pigmented skin and inner smooth muscle fibers layer called Dartos fascia); functions to keep the temperature slightly lower than the rest of the body (~ 2 degrees lower)
Scrotum
46
Inner smooth muscle layer of scrotum is aka
Dartos (superficial) fascia
* continuous with Scarpa's fascia
47
the pouch of serous membrane that covers the testes; derived from the vaginal process of the peritoneum, which in the fetus precedes the descent of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum.
tunica vaginalis
48
Three layers of spermatic cord (outer ---> inner)
1. External Spermatic Fascia
- derived from external oblique muscle
2. Middle Cremasteric Fascia
- derived from internal oblique muscle
3. Internal Spermatic Fascia
- derived from transversalis fasia muscle
49
Main contents of spermatic cord
1. Ductus Deferens
2. Testicular artery
3. Pampiniform plexus of veins
4. Lymphatics
5. Autonomic nerves
50
fibromuscular tube that transmits sperm from the testicle through the spermatic cord into the pelvis
Ductus (vas) deferens
51
branch of aorta that vascularizes the testicle
testicular artery
52
venous network that surrounds and cools the testicular artery, thereby lowering temperature for sperm production in the testis (thermoregulatory system); drains the testis and converge to form testicular veins
Pampiniform plexus of veins
53
pair of ovoid reproductive organs; located in separate compartments within the scrotum; produce sperm and testosterone
Testes
54
The right testicular vein drains into the ________ while the left testicular vein drains into the _________
IVC; left renal vein
55
Varicose veins of the pampiniform plexus; more common on the left testicle due to more turbulent flow; often described as "feels like a bag-of worms"
Varicocele
56
Lymph from the testes would drain into
lumbar (AORTIC) nodes
57
tough, outer capsule around the testis
Tunica albuginea
*Beneath the tunica vaginalis
58
Structure within the testis that produces sperm
Seminiferous tubules
59
highly coiled tube in scrotum where the sperm are stored and mature; has a head, body, and a tail which is continuous with the ductus deferens
Epididymis
60
muscular tube that transmits sperm from the testicle through the spermatic cord and inguinal canal and finally into the pelvis to join the seminal vesicle
Ductus (vas) deferens
61
Aorta divides into right and left common iliac arteries at level
L4
62
Describe the order of pelvic vasculature
1. Aorta
2. R & L common iliac arteries
3. External & Internal iliac arteries
- External --> Common femoral arteries
- Internal --> anterior and posterior divisions
63
Posterior division of internal iliac arteries vascularize
1. Iliolumbar
2. Lateral Sacral
3. Superior gluteal
* I Like Spaghetti
64
Anterior division of internal iliac arteries vascularize
pelvic viscera and structures in perineum
65
Anterior division branch that vascularizes bladder and prostate
Inferior vesical
66
Anterior division branch that vascularizes perineum
internal pudendal artery
67
an artery that
1. exits the pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and then 2. traverses around ischial spine where 3. it re-enters the lesser sciatic foramen as it courses toward the perineum
internal pudendal artery
* pudendal nerve as well
68
Three major branches of internal pudendal artery
1. Inferior rectal (supply anal sphincter)
2. Perineal artery (perineal structures)
3. Dorsal penile (penis)
"I Prefer Dog'
69
The main nerve to the perineum
Pudendal nerve (travels along with internal pudendal artery
70
Three major branches of pudendal nerve
1. Inferior rectal (external anal sphincter)
2. Perineal nerve (sensory nerve to POSTERIOR scrotum)
3. Dorsal penile (sensory nerve to the penis)
"I Prefer Dog"
71
Anterior scrotum is innervated by
ilioinguinal nerves and genitofemoral nerves
72
Convergence of the autonomic nerves (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory), forming a large plexus in the pelvis known as the...
Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
aka. Pelvic Plexus
73
Sympathetic nerves of inferior hypogastric plexus originate in
T10-L2
74
Parasympathetic nerves of inferior hypogastric plexus originate in ____ and travel via ______
S2-4; Pelvic Splanchnics
75
Visceral sensory nerves of inferior hypogastric plexus convey sensory information from pelvic organs back into
spinal cord/CNS
76
Divisions of the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
Male:
1. Vesical Plexus: surrounds bladder
2. Prostatic Plexus: surrounds prostate
Female:
1. Vesical
2. Uterovaginal
3. Rectal
77
The vesical plexus:
Sympathethic stimulation contracts _____ while visceral sensory nerves detect _______, and parasympathetic contracts ______ for micturition.
1. internal sphincter (allowing bladder to fill)
2. fullness
3. bladder (facilitation micturition)
78
During prostate surgery, injury to the ________ _________ is sometimes unavoidable, resulting in erectile dysfunction
Pelvic Splanchnics (where parasympathetic nerves of prostatic plexus traverses through)
79
Surgical intervention along the aorta/bifurcation can damage what nerves leading to retrograde ejaculation?
sympathetic splanchnics
