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Reproductive-Week 1/2 > Male Genitourinary > Flashcards

Male Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

What cartilagenous structure is located anterior to the bladder

A

Pubic symphysis (part of pelvis)

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2
Q

paired organs located along the posterior of the abdominal wall; serve to filter the blood, produce urine, maintain BP and ionic balance; span from T12-L3

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

Which kidney is lower than the other: right or left?

A

Right; slightly offset due to the liver

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4
Q

Inner lining of the abdomino-pelvic cavity

A

Peritoneum

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5
Q

Examples of retro-, or sub-, peritoneal organs; located beneath the peritoneum

A

Kidney, ureters, bladder, rectum, prostate, aorta, IVC

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6
Q

The bladder, rectum and prostate are located within the peritoneum (True or False)

A

False: they are actually beneath, or outside, of the peritoneum in the lower, pelvic cavity

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7
Q

Ureter is crossed by ______.
Ureter crosses over _______ (pelvic area).
Ureter courses under _______ near bladder.

A
  1. gonadal vessels (arteries & veins)
  2. Bifurcation of common iliac vessels
  3. ductus deferens
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8
Q

Ureter enters bladder at

A

uretero-vesical junction

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9
Q

Name all arteries that vascularize ureters (6 total)

A
  1. Abdominal portion
    - Renal (branches of aorta)
    - Gonadal
    - Aorta
    - Common iliac
  2. Pelvic portion
    - Internal iliac
    - Vesical
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10
Q

conveys sperm from the testicles into the pelvis

A

ductus deferens

aka. vas deferens

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11
Q

Bladder lies posterior to ________ and is covered by ______ superiorly.

A

pubic symphysis

peritoneum

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12
Q

The most inferior point in the male abdominopelvic cavity; space located b/w the rectum and bladder

A

Rectovesical pouch

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13
Q

muscular tubes, approximately 30 cm long, that convey urine from kidneys to bladder via peristalsis; go underneath ductus (vas) deferens before connecting to bladder (“water under the bridge)

A

ureters

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14
Q

The ureters are located behind the peritoneum, and thus are considered retro-peritoneal (True or False)

A

True

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15
Q

The abdominal portion of the ureter descends along the anterior aspect of what muscle

A

Psoas muscle

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16
Q

Four parts of urinary bladder

A
  1. Apex
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Neck
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17
Q

The part of bladder that is near the pubic symphysis

A

Apex

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18
Q

The part of bladder that is base or posterior wall

A

Fundus

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19
Q

The part that forms the majority of the bladder

A

Body

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20
Q

The part of bladder that is inferior narrow portion

A

Neck

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21
Q

The LEAST mobile region of bladder

A

Neck

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22
Q

smooth muscle that forms the wall of the bladder; autonomic control

A

Detrusor muscle

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23
Q

Smooth muscle near the neck of the bladder forms

A

INternal urethral sphincter

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24
Q

INternal urethral sphincter is under control of what type of nervous system?

A

autonomic

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25
Q

Skeletal muscle that contracts to prevent urination, whereas its relaxation allows urination

A

EXternal urethral sphincter

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26
Q

External urethral sphincter is under control of what type of nervous system?

A

Voluntary control of somatic nervous system

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27
Q

___ urethral sphincter is located above prostate, and ___ urethral sphincter is located below prostate.

A

Internal; External

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28
Q

medical term for urination

A

Micturition

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29
Q

A triangular-shaped region on the internal surface of the urinary bladder that contains openings of ureters and a urethral opening/orifice.

A

Trigone

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30
Q

Paired convoluted tubules that produce 70% of the seminal fluid; lie superior to the prostate, between the bladder and rectum

A

seminal glands (aka. seminal vesicles)

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31
Q

seminal vesicles secrete

A

fructose, proteins, citric acid, and prostaglandins

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32
Q

Each seminal vesicle joins the ampulla (dilated portion of ductus deferens) and forms ______ which pierces prostate and urethra

A

ejaculatory ducts

  • this is where sperm (from testes) and seminal fluid (from seminal vesicles) traverse through during ejaculation.
33
Q

What contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde flow of semen into the bladder

A

INternal urethral sphincter

34
Q

small glands that add additional secretions (an alkaline mucous called pre-ejaculate) to the seminal fluid and join the urethra within the penis

A

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s)

35
Q

accessory reproductive gland that produces 25% of the seminal fluid (prostate specific antigen); base (superior surface) sits beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra; apex points towards external urethral sphincter; surrounded by fibrmuscular capsule

A

Prostate gland

36
Q

What does prostate gland secrete?

A
  • PSA enzymes (prostate specific antigen)

- Secretion to aid sperm motility

37
Q

The prostate gland is generally divided into what lobes

A

Anterior (anterior to urethra)
Posterior (posterior to urethra)
Middle (b/w urethra and ejaculatory duct)
Lateral (right & left sides of urethra)

38
Q

Three zones of prostate

A
  1. Transition (aka. periurethral)
  2. Central (aka. inner)
  3. Peripheral (aka. outer)
39
Q

network of veins around the prostate gland; drains venous blood from prostate into nearby iliac veins; also communicates with the venous plexus of vertebral column (Baton’s Plexus); may explain why neoplastic cells from prostate cancers frequently spread to the vertebral column

A

Prostatic venous plexus

40
Q

venous plexus of vertebral column

A

Baton’s Plexus

41
Q

muscular conduit for urine and semen (males); has 3 parts (prostatic, membranous and spongy)

A

Urethra

42
Q

What are the 3 parts of the urethra

A
  1. Prostatic part (surrounded by prostate)
  2. Membranous part (surrounded by the external urethral sphincter)
  3. Spongy parts (passes through the erectile tissue of the penis)
    - Bulbous portion (through the bulb of penis)
    - Penile portion (through the body of penis)
43
Q

a small central eminence (bump) along the posterior wall of prostatic part of urethra; it’s where the ejaculatory ducts and prostatic ductules open into the urethra

A

Seminal Colliculus

44
Q

The neurovasculature of the testes and the ductus deferens are within what structure

A

Spermatic Cord

45
Q

fibromuscular sac that houses the testes; has two layers (outer pigmented skin and inner smooth muscle fibers layer called Dartos fascia); functions to keep the temperature slightly lower than the rest of the body (~ 2 degrees lower)

A

Scrotum

46
Q

Inner smooth muscle layer of scrotum is aka

A

Dartos (superficial) fascia

  • continuous with Scarpa’s fascia
47
Q

the pouch of serous membrane that covers the testes; derived from the vaginal process of the peritoneum, which in the fetus precedes the descent of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum.

A

tunica vaginalis

48
Q

Three layers of spermatic cord (outer —> inner)

A
  1. External Spermatic Fascia
    - derived from external oblique muscle
  2. Middle Cremasteric Fascia
    - derived from internal oblique muscle
  3. Internal Spermatic Fascia
    - derived from transversalis fasia muscle
49
Q

Main contents of spermatic cord

A
  1. Ductus Deferens
  2. Testicular artery
  3. Pampiniform plexus of veins
  4. Lymphatics
  5. Autonomic nerves
50
Q

fibromuscular tube that transmits sperm from the testicle through the spermatic cord into the pelvis

A

Ductus (vas) deferens

51
Q

branch of aorta that vascularizes the testicle

A

testicular artery

52
Q

venous network that surrounds and cools the testicular artery, thereby lowering temperature for sperm production in the testis (thermoregulatory system); drains the testis and converge to form testicular veins

A

Pampiniform plexus of veins

53
Q

pair of ovoid reproductive organs; located in separate compartments within the scrotum; produce sperm and testosterone

A

Testes

54
Q

The right testicular vein drains into the ________ while the left testicular vein drains into the _________

A

IVC; left renal vein

55
Q

Varicose veins of the pampiniform plexus; more common on the left testicle due to more turbulent flow; often described as “feels like a bag-of worms”

A

Varicocele

56
Q

Lymph from the testes would drain into

A

lumbar (AORTIC) nodes

57
Q

tough, outer capsule around the testis

A

Tunica albuginea

*Beneath the tunica vaginalis

58
Q

Structure within the testis that produces sperm

A

Seminiferous tubules

59
Q

highly coiled tube in scrotum where the sperm are stored and mature; has a head, body, and a tail which is continuous with the ductus deferens

A

Epididymis

60
Q

muscular tube that transmits sperm from the testicle through the spermatic cord and inguinal canal and finally into the pelvis to join the seminal vesicle

A

Ductus (vas) deferens

61
Q

Aorta divides into right and left common iliac arteries at level

A

L4

62
Q

Describe the order of pelvic vasculature

A
  1. Aorta
  2. R & L common iliac arteries
  3. External & Internal iliac arteries
    - External –> Common femoral arteries
    - Internal –> anterior and posterior divisions
63
Q

Posterior division of internal iliac arteries vascularize

A
  1. Iliolumbar
  2. Lateral Sacral
  3. Superior gluteal
  • I Like Spaghetti
64
Q

Anterior division of internal iliac arteries vascularize

A

pelvic viscera and structures in perineum

65
Q

Anterior division branch that vascularizes bladder and prostate

A

Inferior vesical

66
Q

Anterior division branch that vascularizes perineum

A

internal pudendal artery

67
Q

an artery that
1. exits the pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and then 2. traverses around ischial spine where 3. it re-enters the lesser sciatic foramen as it courses toward the perineum

A

internal pudendal artery

  • pudendal nerve as well
68
Q

Three major branches of internal pudendal artery

A
  1. Inferior rectal (supply anal sphincter)
  2. Perineal artery (perineal structures)
  3. Dorsal penile (penis)

“I Prefer Dog’

69
Q

The main nerve to the perineum

A

Pudendal nerve (travels along with internal pudendal artery

70
Q

Three major branches of pudendal nerve

A
  1. Inferior rectal (external anal sphincter)
  2. Perineal nerve (sensory nerve to POSTERIOR scrotum)
  3. Dorsal penile (sensory nerve to the penis)

“I Prefer Dog”

71
Q

Anterior scrotum is innervated by

A

ilioinguinal nerves and genitofemoral nerves

72
Q

Convergence of the autonomic nerves (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory), forming a large plexus in the pelvis known as the…

A

Inferior Hypogastric Plexus

aka. Pelvic Plexus

73
Q

Sympathetic nerves of inferior hypogastric plexus originate in

A

T10-L2

74
Q

Parasympathetic nerves of inferior hypogastric plexus originate in ____ and travel via ______

A

S2-4; Pelvic Splanchnics

75
Q

Visceral sensory nerves of inferior hypogastric plexus convey sensory information from pelvic organs back into

A

spinal cord/CNS

76
Q

Divisions of the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus

A

Male:

  1. Vesical Plexus: surrounds bladder
  2. Prostatic Plexus: surrounds prostate

Female:

  1. Vesical
  2. Uterovaginal
  3. Rectal
77
Q

The vesical plexus:
Sympathethic stimulation contracts _____ while visceral sensory nerves detect _______, and parasympathetic contracts ______ for micturition.

A
  1. internal sphincter (allowing bladder to fill)
  2. fullness
  3. bladder (facilitation micturition)
78
Q

During prostate surgery, injury to the ________ _________ is sometimes unavoidable, resulting in erectile dysfunction

A

Pelvic Splanchnics (where parasympathetic nerves of prostatic plexus traverses through)

79
Q

Surgical intervention along the aorta/bifurcation can damage what nerves leading to retrograde ejaculation?

A

sympathetic splanchnics

Reproductive-Week 1/2 (14 decks)

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