Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Reproductive System > Reproductive embryology > Flashcards

Reproductive embryology Flashcards

1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the intermediate plate mesoderm form?

A

The urogenital system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the inner cell mass differentiate into?

A

3 layers- Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the names for the 3 kidneys that develop?

A

Pronephros – cervical region – vestigial

Mesonephros – thoracolumbar region – briefly functional

Metanephros – pelvic region – functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does the genital ridge form?

A

At about 6 weeks mesonephros forms a long ovoid structure in association with thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae

Medial part of mesonephric ridge becomes thickened to form a genital/ gonadal ridge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do germ cells migrate into genital ridge to make?

A

Indifferent gonad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in week 6 of embryology to the germ cells?

A
  • Germ cells migrate from yolk sac, via dorsal mesentery, and embed into primitive sex cords (formed from mesenchyme of genital ridges
  • This structure is known as the indifferent gonad (why?)
  • No migration of germ cells - no gonads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the paramesonephric duct?

A

Epithelium of the mesonephros invaginates to form a tube.

This tube becomes the para-mesonephric duct

Develops lateral to developing gonads and mesonephric duct

Funnel shaped cranial end opens into peritoneal cavity

Caudally, cross ventral to mesonephric ducts

This projects into dorsal wall of urogenital sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the indifferentated gonad become>

A

Mesonpehric duct- Wolffian duct

Then paramesonephric duct- Mullerian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens in the males to form differentiated gonads?

A
  1. Gonad forms testis
  2. Mesonephric duct develops into epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle,
  3. Paramesonephric duct degenerates
  4. Urogenital sinus forms bladder, urethra; and prostate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in the females to form differentiated gonads?

A
  1. Gonad forms the ovary
  2. Mesonephric duct degenerates
  3. Paramesonephric duct forms fallopian tube, uterus, cervix part of vagina
  4. Urogenital sinus forms bladder and lower part of vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the indifferent gonad know whether to develop into a testis or an ovary?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does the testis develop? From week 5 to 7

A

Wk 5 – primary sex cords, medulla and cortex

Wk 6 primordial germ cells incorporated into primary sex cords

Wk 7 – TDF stimulates primary sex cords à extend into medullaà seminiferous cordsà tubules

21
Q

How does my seniferous cords branch?

A

Ends anastomose to make rete testis of medulla

22
Q

When is the surface epithelium lost?

A

When thick capsule forms (tunica albuginea of adult testis)

23
Q

What gives rise to intersitial cells of leydig?

A

Mesenchyme

24
Q

What happens to testis developement at week 8?

A

Leydig cells produce testosterone and other hormones which stimulate masculine differentiation of mesonephric ducts and external genitalia

In males, paramesonephric duct degenerates

25
Which of these is an image of the testis prepubertal and which is post pubertal
26
What are the male sex glands?
Seminal vesciles- Outgrowth from caudal end of mesonephric duct Prostate- Outgrowth(s) from urethra (from urogenital sinus) Male genitalia is formed under the influence of testosterone
27
28
What is involved in development of the gonad?
Indifferent stage In the presence of TDF- gonad develops into a testis In its absence gonad develops into an ovary (by default)
29
What is differences in a female foetus from a male foetus?
No SRY region No TDF By default the indifferent gonad develops into an ovary
30
What is involved in development of the ovary?
Primary sex cords degenerate (leaving the primordial germ cells) By 10 weeks secondary sex cords develop from surface epithelium Primordial germ cells become incorporated into them Primordial germ cells then bud off with single surrounding layer of cortical cord cells to form primordial follicles (from ~16 weeks) Active mitosis of these early primordial follicles to form additional follicles By 7th month all follicles have formed Oocytes enter meiosis and arrested in prophase 1st meiotic division Some follicular atresia by birth
31
What is the postnatal ovarian development?
~2 million primordial follicles at birth Many follicles become atretic before puberty After puberty, hormonal influences stimulate 12-15 follicles, per 28 day cycle, to develop Only one follicle (normally) reaches maturity and ovulation Continues until the menopause
32
What kind of ovary is each?
33
Where do the tubular components of the female reproductive system come from?
Absence of testosterone causes degeneration of mesonephros and mesonephric duct Paramesonephric ducts develop to give rise to female genital tract
34
What is the origin of female genital tract?
Cranial (open funnel) end of paramesonephric duct becomes associated with ovary Caudal end of paramesonephric duct (uterovaginal primordium) becomes uterus and superior part of vagina Inferior part of vagina from urogenital sinus (Mesonephric duct degenerates)
35
Where do gonads initally form?
In lumbar region, so positional changes occur as development takes place
36
How do the testis develop?
* Week 7 – Level of T10 (Diaphragm undescended) * Week 12 – Level of deep inguinal ring (remains until 7th month) * Enters scrotum just prior to birth (39 weeks)
37
How do the ovaries develop?
* Week 7 – Level of T10 * Week 12 – Broad ligament * Round ligament drawn through inguinal canal to attach to labrum majorum
38
What is the fibrous cord called?
Gubernaculum
39
Understnad this diagram
40
The following aspects are linked to the descent of the gonads:
1. Formation of the larger inguinal canal in males 2. In the female – the presence of the round ligament and its passage through the inguinal canal
41
42
What is cryptochordisism?
Hidden testis
43
What are the types of cryptorchodism?
Undescended Ectopic Retractile testes Absent testes
44
What are the complications of undescended testis?
1. Infertility 2. Malignant transformation (germ cell tumours) 3. Testicular torsion
45
What is shown in blue and if it does not degenerate in women wjhat can it form?
Mesonephric duct is in blue May not degerate so may forms cysts These can have an impact on fertility of the women
46
What anomaly is this?
Complete duplication
47
What anomaly is this?
Bicornuate uterus
48
What anomaly is this?
Septate uterus
49
What anomaly is this?
Arcurate uterus

Reproductive System (88 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions