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Reproductive System > Complications in pregnancy > Flashcards

Complications in pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a miscarriafe?

A

Before 24 weeks gestation

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2
Q

What is an abortion?

A

Voluntary termination

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3
Q

What are the types of spontaneous miscarriage?

A
  • Threatened
  • Inevitable
  • Incomplete
  • Complete
  • Septic
  • Missed
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4
Q

What is a threatened miscarriage?

A

Refers to bleeding from the gravid uterus before 24 weeks gestation when there is a viable fetus and no evidence of cervical dilatation

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5
Q

When does a miscarriage become inevitable?

A

If the cervix has already begun to dilate

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6
Q

What is an incomplete miscarriage?

A

Partial expulsion of the products of conception this is referred to as an incomplete miscarriage whilst complete expulsion of the products of conception is referred to as a complete miscarriage.

Most of pregnancy expelled out, some products of pregnancy remaining in the uterus

open cervix, vaginal bleeding (may be heavy)

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7
Q

What can an incomplete miscarriage lead to?

A

A risk of ascending infection into the uterus which can spread throughout the pelvis and this is known as a septic abortion.

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8
Q

What is a threatened miscarriage?

A

Vaginal bleeding+/- pain

Viable pregnancy

Closed cervix on speculum examination

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9
Q

What is an inevitable miscarriage?

A

Viable pregnancy

Open cervix with bleeding

that could be heavy (+/-clots)

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10
Q

What is a missed miscarriage?

A

No symptoms, or could have bleeding/ brown loss vaginally

Gestational sac seen on scan

No clear fetus (empty gestational sac) or a fetal pole with no fetal heart seen in the gestational sac

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11
Q

What is a complete miscarriage?

A

Passed all products of conception (POC), cervix closed and bleeding has stopped (should ideally have confirmed the POC or should have had a scan previously that confirmed an intrauterine pregnancy)

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12
Q

When does a septic miscarriage especially occur?

A

Especially in case of an incomplete miscarriage

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13
Q

What is the aetiology of spontaneous miscarriage?

A

Abnormal conceptus: Chromosomal, genetic and structural

Uterine abnormality: Congenital and fibroids

Cervical incompetence: Primary and secondary

Maternal: Increasing age and diabetes

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14
Q

What is the management of a threatened miscarriage?

A

Conservative ‘just wait’- Most stop bleeding and are okay

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15
Q

What is the management of inevitable miscarriage?

A

If bleeding heavy may need evacuation

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16
Q

What is the management of missed miscarriage?

A

Conservative

Medical- Postaglandins (misoprostol)

Surgical- SMM (Surgical management of miscarriage)

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17
Q

What is the management of septic miscarriage?

A

Antibiotics and evacuated uterus

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18
Q

What is ectopic pregnancy?

A

Pregnancy implanted outside the uterus

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19
Q

What are the different types of ectopic pregnancy?

A
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20
Q

What is the incidence of an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Around 1:90 pregnancies

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21
Q

What are the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Previous tubal surgery

Previous ectopic

Assisted conception

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22
Q

What is the presentation of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Period of ammenorhoea with positive urine pregnancy test

Maybe vaginal bleeding

Maybe pain abdomen

Maybe GI or uirnary symptoms

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23
Q

What are investigations for ectopic pregnancy?

A
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24
Q

What is the management of ectopic pregnancy?

A
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25
Q

What is antepartum haemorrhage?

A
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26
Q

What are the causes of antephartum haemorrhage?

A
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27
Q

What is placenta praevia?

A
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28
Q

What is the incidence of placenta praevia?

A

1/200 pregnancies

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29
Q

What is placenta praevia more common in?

A
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30
Q

What is the classification of placenta praevia?

A
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31
Q

What are the different

A
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32
Q

What is the presentation of placenta praevia?

A

Painless PV bleeding

Malpresentation of the fetus

Incidental

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33
Q

What are the clinical features of placenta praevia?

A
34
Q

How is the diagnosis of placenta praevia done?

A

US scan to locate placental site

35
Q

What should not be done in a patient with suspected placenta praevia?

A

Vaginal examination

36
Q

What is the management of placenta praevia?

A
37
Q

What is the management of placenta praevia?

A
38
Q

What is placental abruption?

A
39
Q

What are the factors associated with placental abruption?

A
40
Q

What are the types of placental abruption?

A
41
Q

What is the presentation of placenta praevia?

A
42
Q

What are the images classifications of abruption placentae?

A
43
Q

What is the management of APH?

A
44
Q

What are the complications of placental abruption?

A
45
Q

What is preterm labour?

A
46
Q

What is the incidence of preterm labour?

A
47
Q

What are the predisposing factors of preterm labour?

A
48
Q

What is the management of preterm delivery?

A
49
Q

What is the management of preterm delivery?

A
50
Q

What are some neonatal morbitidty resulting from prematurity?

A
51
Q

What are some pregnancy complications?

A
52
Q

What is chronic hypertension?

A
53
Q

What is gestational hypertension?

A
54
Q

What is pre-eclampsia?

A
55
Q

What are the types of significant proteinuria?

A
56
Q

Who is chronic hypertension commoner in?

A

Older mothers

57
Q

What are some pre pregnancy care solutions for chornic hypertension?

A
58
Q

WHat is the aim for BP in chronic hypertension?

A
59
Q

What should be monitored in chronic hypertension?

A
60
Q

What is the definition of pre eclampsia?

A
61
Q

What is the pathophysiology of pre eclampsia?

A
62
Q

What are the risks for developing for pre eclampsia?

A
63
Q

What are the maternal complications of pre eclampsia?

A
64
Q

What are the fetal complications of pre eclampsia?

A
65
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of severe PET?

A
66
Q

What are the biochemical abnormalities of severe PET?

A
67
Q

What are the haematological abnormlaities of severe PET?

A
68
Q

What is the management of severe PET

A
69
Q

What are the conservative managements of severe PET?

A
70
Q

What is the treatment of seizures?

A
71
Q

What is the prophylaxis for PET in subsequent pregnancy?

A
72
Q

What can happen in gestational diabetes?

A
73
Q

What happens to the mother with diabetes in pregnancy?

A
74
Q

What can happen to the fetus in diabetes and pregnancy?

A
75
Q

What does diabetes on mother, fetus and neonate increase risk of?

A
76
Q

What are the complications of diabetes during pregnancy?

A
77
Q

What is the management of diabetes in pregnancy?

A
78
Q

What is important during pregnancy when the mother has diabetes?

A
79
Q

What is the management of diabetes during pregnancy?

A
80
Q

What are the risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus?

A
81
Q

What is gestational diabetes mellitus assocated with?

A
82
Q

What is gestational diabetes increased with?

A

Reproductive System (88 decks)

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