reproductive

Question 1

7 neural crest structures

Answer 1

PNS

melanocytes

chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

parafollicular c-cells of thyroid

scwann cells

pia and arachnoid

bones of skull

odontoblasts

aorticopulmonary septum

Question 2

mesoderm defects

VACTERL

v-vertebral defects

A-anal atresia

C-cardiac defects

T-tracheo-Esophageal fistula

R-renal defects

L-limb defects

Answer 2

v-vertebral defects

A-anal atresia

C-cardiac defects

T-tracheo-Esophageal fistula

R-renal defects

L-limb defects

Question 3

absent organ due to absent primoridial tissue

Answer 3

agenesis

Question 4

absent organ desite primordial tissue

Answer 4

aplasia

Question 5

extrinsic disruption; occurs after embryonic period

Answer 5

deformation

Question 6

incomplete organ development; primoridal tissue present

Answer 6

hypoplasia

Question 7

intrinsic dirstruption; occurs during emybronic period(weeks 3-8)

Answer 7

malformation

Question 8

teratogen: renal damage

Answer 8

ACE Inhibitors

Question 9

absence of ditis, multiple anomalies

Answer 9

alkylating agents

Question 10

CN 8 toxicity

Answer 10

aminoglycosides

Question 11

neura tubue defects

craniofacial defects

finger nail hypoplasia

developmental delay

IUGR

Answer 11

carbamazepine

Question 12

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma and congenial mullerian anomalies

Answer 12

DES = diethylstilbestrol

Question 13

neural tube defects

Answer 13

folate antagonists

Question 14

ebsteins anomaly(atrialized RV)

Answer 14

lithium

Question 15

fetal hydantion syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, mental retaradation

Answer 15

phenytoin

Question 16

inhibition of maternal folate absroption —> neural tube defects

Answer 16

valproate

Question 17

bone deformities + fetal hemorrhage

Answer 17

warfarin

Question 18

leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation

Answer 18

alcohol

Question 19

abnormal fetal development and fetal addition; placental abruption

Answer 19

cocaine

Question 20

preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

Answer 20

smoking

Question 21

caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia) congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

Answer 21

maternal diabetes

Question 22

extremely high risk of spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

Answer 22

vitamin A excess

Question 23

microcephaly and mental retardation

Answer 23

x-rays

Question 24

2nd arch neural crest dervied cartilages

Answer 24

Reichert’s cartilage: stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament

Question 25

what does mesonephric wolffian duct develop into?

SEED

Answer 25

Seminal vesicles

Epididymis

ejaculatory uct

ductus deferens.

Question 26

where do the ovaries/testes drain lymph

Answer 26

para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 27

where do distal 1/3 vagina/vulva/ scrotum drain?

Answer 27

superficial inguinal node s

Question 28

proximal 2/3 of vagina + uterus drainage?

Answer 28

obturator

external iliac

hypogastric nodes