question log things that won't stick! Flashcards
antibodies against polyribitol rbose phosphate(PRP) would most likely confer protection against _____
H influenze that caues epiglottitis
what are three mitochondrial disorders “red ragged fibers”
myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers
leber optic neuropathy (blindess)
mitochondrial encephalopathy with stroke like episodes(ELAS)
burkitt lymphoma translocation
C-MYC (8;14)
FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA TRANSLOCATION
T(14;18)
bcl-2 overexpression
what is elevated in neural tube defect?
AFP and acetylcholinesterase
what is fondaparinux?
synthetic factor 10a inhibitor
pentazocine
partial opiod agonist at mu receptors.
features of carcinoid syndrome from excess seretonin from carcinoid tumor?
bronchospasm,diarrhea, flushing of skin
what is pre-eclampsia?
what is HELLLP
pre-eclampsia = triad of HTN, proteinuria and edema and may progress to
HELLP(hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets). Eclampisa = pre-eclampisa + seizures.
rate limiting ezyme for bile acid syntehsis from cholesterol?
7-alpha hydroxylase
describe **single base excision **repair
single base excision repair corrects defects in single bases by 1. glycosylases - remove defective base pair and corresponding sugar-phosphate is cleaved and removed by endonuclease -->action of lyase. DNA pol replaces the missing nucleotides and ligase connects DNA strand.
what is the valsalva maneuver?
which musle important?
vasalva increases vagal tone and can be used to abolish paroxysmal supraventricular tachycarida.
Rectus abdominis = most important muscle in achieving intraabdominal and intrathoraci pressure of vasalva maneuver.
why do you need to space out MAO tx and SSRI tx?
Need to wait at least 14 days btw stopping an MAO inhibitor and giving an SSRI. Why? b/c need to regenerate MAO so that you don’t have too much seretonin running around—>increased risk of seretonin syndrome.
which condition?
infant presents with: flaccid lower extremeities, absent ankle reflexes bilaterally + x-ray showing poorly developed lumbar spine and sacrum
infant presents with: flaccid lower extremeities, absent ankle reflexes bilaterally + x-ray showing poorly developed lumbar spine and sacrum has caudal regresssion syndrome (sacral agenesis causing lower extremity paralysis and urinary incontinence) and is commonly associated with **poorly controlled maternal diabetes. **
what are the bones associated with the 1st pharyngeal arch(4)?
BONES + cartilage ASSOCIATED WITH ARCH 1:
Meckel’s cartilage: mandible, malleus, incuse, sphenomandibular ligament
classic location for anal fissure
anal fissure location: anal canal distal to dentate line posterior midline and associated with severe tearting pain when trying to pass bowel movement and other associations: low fiber diets and constipation.
oversuse: results in intracranial HTN, skin changes, hepatosplenomegaly.
vitamin A oversuse: results in intracranial HTN, skin changes, hepatosplenomegaly.
lithium-induced diabetes insipidus =
result of lithium antagonizing effect on action of vassopressin (ADH) on principal cells within collecting duct system.
labs of DIC
DIC: prolonged PTT and aPTT, thrombocytopenic migroangiopathic hemolytic anemia, low fibrinogen, elevated fibrin split products (D-dimer), low factor 5 and 8 levels.
____________binds to HIV envelope protein gp41 preventin fusion of of gp41 to CD4+ t-cell –> HIV can’t enter t-cell.
Enfurvitide binds to HIV envelope protein gp41 preventin fusion of of gp41 to CD4+ t-cell –> HIV can’t enter t-cell.
when would you see eosinophils?
DNAACP
D-drugs
N-neoplastic
Allergic
Asthma
A-Addison’s disease and acute interstitial nephritis
Connective tissue disease- churg strauss
Parasites (invasive) - ascaris (loeffer)
role of IL-5
eosinophils and IgA
3 acute phase reactants secreted by macropphages
Il-1, IL-6, TNFalpha
what is the MOA of finasteride?
anti androgen that inhibits 5-alpha reductase which means testosterone not converted to DHT! + increases hair growth
ALSO CYPROTERONE HAS THIS SAME ACTION.
what does alpha-amantin, found in amanita phalloides (death cap mushrooms inhibit)?
inhibits RNA polymerase II which makes mRNA(massive) causes severe hepatotoxicity if ingested
What is treacher collins syndrome?
1st-arch neural crest fails to migrate—> no bones or cartilate = mandiblar hypoplasia, facial abnormaltities
only gram - w/out endotoxin
bacteriodes fragilis (strict anaerobe)
only gram + w/endotoxin?
listeria
Di George
Catch-22
C-cleft palate
A-abnormal facies
T-thymic aplasia
C-cardiac defects
H- hyocalcemia
22-chr 22q11 microdeletion
include: DiGeorge syndrome(thymic, parathryoid, caridc) and Velocardiofcial syndrome(palate, faical, and cardiac)
what is the defect in Job syndrome?
Th1 cells fail t produce IFN-gamma —>inability of neutrophls to respond to chemotactic stimuli
leads to FATED:
Coarse Facies, cold staph **Abscess, **retained primary **Teeth, Increased IgE, **Dermatologic issues (eczema)
withdrawal = tremors, agitation, anxiety, delirium, psychosis
seizures, **tachycardia, palpitations **
withdrawal for sedative substnaces ie: alcohol and benzodiazepines
withdrawal = N/V abdominal cramps, msucle aches
**dilated pupils, yawning, piloereection, lacrimation, hyperactive bowel sounds **
heroin
withdrawal: increased appetite, hypersomnia, **intense psychomotor retardation, severe derpession(“crash”) **
stimulant(cocain, amphetamines)
withdrawal symptoms: dysphoria, irritability, anxiety, **increased appetite **
nicotine
what are hirano bodies?
hirano bodies - eosinophilic rod like inclusions in hippocampus of alzheimers pt
tx for loa loa and Wucheria bancrofti
diethycarbamazine