lymph drainage

Question 1

where do upper limb, lateral breast drain?

Answer 1

axillary

Question 2

stomach drains into?

Answer 2

celiac

Question 3

duodenum and jejunum drain into?(recall artery supply here)

Answer 3

superior mesenteric

Question 4

sigmoid colon lymph drainage

Answer 4

colic –> inferior mesenteric

Question 5

rectum (lower portion) of anal canal above pectinate line

Answer 5

internal iliac

Question 6

anal canal (below pectinate line)

scrotum

thigh(superificial)

Answer 6

superficial inguinal

Question 7

lateral side of dorsum of foot

Answer 7

popliteal

Question 8

testes

Answer 8

superficial and deep plexues –> para-aortic

Question 9

what does right lympatic duct drain?

Answer 9

right arm, righ chest, right half of head

Question 10

which 4 cytokines enchance acitivy to NK cells?

Answer 10

IL-2, IL-12, IFN-beta, IFN-alpha

Question 11

5 cytokines secreted by macrophages

Answer 11

IL-1 (fever), IL-6(acute phase reactant), IL-8(in case it needs more neutrophis), IL-12(in case you want to form granulomas!), TNF-alpha

Question 12

cell markers for NK cells

Answer 12

CD 16(binds to Fc of IgG) CD56(unique marker for NK)

Question 13

To Be Healed Rapidly

after expsoure antibodies (passive)

Answer 13

Tetanus

Botulinims

HBV

Rabies

Question 14

anti-smooth muscle ab

Answer 14

auto immune hepatitis

Question 15

anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)

Answer 15

mixed connetive tissue diseaes

Question 16

anti-glutamte decarboxylase

Answer 16

type I diabetes mellitis

Question 17

name 3 B-cell deficieinces

Answer 17

X-linked Bruton’s BTK tyrosine kinase agammaglobulinemia

Selective IgA deficeincy

Common variable immunodeficiency

Question 18

name 4 t-cell def

Answer 18

Thymic aplasia (DiGeorges)

IL-12 receptor deficiecny

Hyper-IgE syndrome(Job syndrome)

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Question 19

name 4 combined B-cell and t-cell disorders

Answer 19

SCID (defective Il-2 receptor + adenosine deaminase deficiency)

Ataxia telangiectasia -(no ATM gene for DNA repair recall triad: ataxia, telengiectasia, IgA deficeincy and **increased AFP) **

Hyper-IgM syndrome (can’t class switch b/c B-cell not activated therefore missing CD40L)

X-linked Wiscott -Aldrich syndrome(WAS gene on X chromoosme—> Tcells unable to reorganize cytoskeleton). triad of TIE: thrombocytopneic purpura, infections, eczema (increaed IgE and IgA, but decreased IgM)

Question 20

name 3 phagocyte dysfunction disorders:

Answer 20

1. Leukocyte adhesion def: defect in LFA-1 integrin (CD18) protein on phagocytes delayed separation of umbilical cord
2. Chediak -Higashi (microtubule dysfunction in phagosome-lysosome fusion—>giant granules in nuetrophils)
3. Chronic granulomatous disease (lack of NADPH oxidase –> decreased reactive oxygen species and absent respiratory burst in neutrohils)

Question 21

4 types of transplant rejection

Answer 21

hyperacute -minutes, type II hypersensitity

acute - weeks - cell mediated due to CTLs (eg vasculitis of graft vessels)

chornic - months to years

graft v host - varies