Reproductive

Question 1

What is epididymitis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the epididymis

Question 2

What causes epididymitis?

Answer 2

ascending bacterial infections, STIs (gonorrhea and chlamydia)

Question 3

What manifestations are seen with epididymitis?

Answer 3

scrotal tenderness, redness, edema, dysuria

Question 4

What is testicular cancer?

Answer 4

Uncommon curable (even if metastatic) cancer seen in 15-35 year old men

Question 5

What does testicular affect?

Answer 5

One or both testicles

Question 6

What are some risk factors for testicular cancer?

Answer 6

cryptorchidism

Question 7

Which manifestations can be seen with testicular cancer?

Answer 7

asymptomatic, mass that does not transilluminate, testicular discomfort

Question 8

What is testicular torsion

Answer 8

Abnormal rotation of the testes on the spermatic cord

Question 9

What causes testicular torsion?

Answer 9

Can be spontaneous or trauma induced

Question 10

Which manifestations are seen with testicular torsion

Answer 10

Sudden scrotal edema and pain

Question 11

True or false testicular torsion is not a medical emergency?

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What is PMS?

Answer 12

Pre menstrual syndrome: group of physical and emotional symptoms

Question 13

Which manifestations are seen with PMS?

Answer 13

irritability, depression, abdominal bloating, weight gain

Question 14

What is endometriosis

Answer 14

When the endometrium grows in areas outside of the uterus

Question 15

Where does endometriosis commonly grow?

Answer 15

The fallopian tubes, ovaries, peritoneum, or anywhere

Question 16

What would happen to a patient with endometriosis during menstruation?

Answer 16

The abnormal endometrial tissue continues to act as it normally would, so blood is trapped

Can lead to infertility and adhesions

Question 17

Which manifestation are seen with endometriosis

Answer 17

Dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, dyschezia, pain during or after intercourse

Question 18

What is cervical cancer?

Answer 18

Cancer of the cervix

Question 19

What type of cellular adaptation is seen in the first stage of cervical cancer?

Answer 19

Dysplasia (precancerous) 100% treatable when diagnosed early

Question 20

What causes almost all cervical cancers?

Answer 20

HPV

Question 21

What causes herpes?

Answer 21

Herpes simplex virus: recurrent episodes of lesions

Question 22

What is HSV 1?

Answer 22

Occurs above the waist and manifests as a cold sore

Question 23

What is HSV 2?

Answer 23

Typically occurs below the waist

Question 24

How does herpes gain entry into the body?

Answer 24

The virus travels along the nerve root where it remains protected and dormant until the next outbreak which will occur at the entry site

Question 25

What does a herpes outbreak feel like?

Answer 25

Tingling or burning sensation at the site before lesion appears

Question 26

What do herpes lesions look like?

Answer 26

Vesicle surrounded by erythema Vesicle rupture = painful ulcer Crusts forms over the ulcer = spontaneously healing

Question 27

Manifestations of herpes

Answer 27

Painful lesions/ blisters

Question 28

What is syphilis?

Answer 28

Ulcerative infection causes by treponema palladium

Question 29

What is treponema palladium?

Answer 29

A spirochete that requires a warm, most environment to survive

Question 30

How is syphilis transmitted?

Answer 30

From skin or mucous membrane contact with chancres and form the mother to child through the placental barrier

Question 31

What is the primary stage of syphilis?

Answer 31

Painless chancres form, can go unnoticed and disappear

Question 32

What is the secondary phase of syphilis?

Answer 32

Generalized brown-red rash, malaise, fever

Question 33

What is the tertiary phase of syphilis?

Answer 33

Lasts for years; spread to brain, nervous system, heart, skin, bones. Can lead to death Caused by untreated infection

Question 34

What does positive RPR indicate?

Answer 34

Syphilis

Question 35

What happens if syphilis is left untreated?

Answer 35

Permanent organ damage