Causes and manifestations of hypokalemia, hyperkalemia and hyponatremia

Question 1

What sodium level is associated with hyponatremia?

Answer 1

Sodium <135 mEq/L

Question 2

What happens to the water during hyponatremia?

Answer 2

Water shifts into the cell from the vascular compartment.

Question 3

What manifestation is associated with hyponatremia?

Answer 3

Confusion

Question 4

What is the normal range of potassium?

Answer 4

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 5

How is potassium excreted?

Answer 5

through kidneys and gastrointestinal tract

Question 6

What amount of potassium causes hyperkalemia?

Answer 6

Potassium >5 mEq/L

Question 7

What causes hyperkalcemia?

Answer 7

Deficient excretion of K+
Excessive intake of K+
Increased release from cells

Question 8

What are manifestations of hyperkalemia

Answer 8

dysrhythmias
EKG changes
cardiac arrest

Question 9

What amount of potassium is associated with hypokalemia

Answer 9

<3.5 mEq/L

Question 10

What are the causes hypokalemia?

Answer 10

Excessive loss of K+
Deficient intake of K+
Increased shift into the cell (insulin excess)

Question 11

What are the manifestations of hypokalemia

Answer 11

dysthymias
EKG changes
cardiac arrest

Question 12

What could an elevated T wave indicate?

Answer 12

Hyperkalemia