Causes/ manifestations/ complications of UTI, renal calcium, nephrotic and nephritic syndromes

Question 1

Why are women more prone to UTIs

Answer 1

Shorter urethras

Question 2

What is a UTI?

Answer 2

Any infection that begins in the urinary tract

Question 3

Urethritis

Answer 3

urethra

Question 4

Cystitis

Answer 4

bladder

Question 5

Pyelonephritis

Answer 5

kidneys

Question 6

What is the cause of UTIs?

Answer 6

Direct invasion of the urinary tract by bacteria. 75-95% are E. Coli

Question 7

What are some common manifestations of UTI?

Answer 7

urgency, dysuria, frequency, cloudy/fould smelling urine, pain the the supra-public/ lower back/ flank, confusion/ change in mental status/ delirium, Costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT)

Question 8

Costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT) indicates?

Answer 8

Pyelonephritis

Question 9

What are kidney stones called?

Answer 9

Renal calculi

Question 10

What is the most common type of renal calculi?

Answer 10

Calcium oxalate 70% or phosphate 15%

Question 11

Manifestations of renal calculi

Answer 11

Colicky pain in flank that radiates to lower abdomen/ groin

Dysuria

Question 12

What is nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 12

Form of glomerulonephritis that results in excretion of excessive amount of protein

Question 13

What could dark/ cloudy urine indicate in glomerular diseases

Answer 13

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 14

What is nephritic syndrome?

Answer 14

Proliferative, inflammatory injury to the glomeruli that can occur when antibodies interact with normally occurring antigens in the glomeruli

Question 15

What are the manifestations of nephritic syndrome

Answer 15

HTN
Azotemia