Reproductive Flashcards
seen in intact males- enlarged variant of normal
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
T/F: prostate is not seen in neutered males on rads
True- might be seen if castration was recently
When enlarged, is the prostate better seen on lateral or VD
laterals
What does the prostate look like on rads
ovoid
smooth margins
soft tissue opacity
What can be done to minimize soft tissue opacity for best visualization of the prostate
pulling the legs back to minimize soft tissue superimposition
Prostatic diseases are often better diagnosed with
ultrasound
What are the different prostatic diseases
1) Prostatic Neoplasia
2) Prostatitis
3) Prostatic Abscess
4) Paraprostatic Cysts
5) Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy - really large
What could cause an enlarged prostate with mineralization
1) Prostatic Neoplasia (carcinoma)
2) Chronic Prostatitis
If you have a male dog that was neutered as a puppy and you see enlarged prostate with mineralization, you should be very concerned about
Neoplasia
What typically causes prostatic neoplasia
1) Prostatic Neoplasia
2) TCC/ urothelial cell carcinoma
What does prostatic neoplasia look like on rads
1) Mineralized
2) Asymmetrical enlargement
Prostatic neoplasia may metastasize to
Lymph nodes
Local skeleton (lumbar vertebrae, pelvis)
Lungs
T/F: uterus and ovaries can be seen in normal intact females on radiographs
False
When might you be able to visualize the uterus on rads
Pregnancy
Pyometra
Ovarian tumor (retroperitoneal mass)
What might cause an enlarged uterus
Pyometra
Mucometra
Hydrometra
Pregnancy
What does pyometra look like on radiographs
between urinary bladder and the colon
curves cranially towards the kidney
At what gestation length is radiographically detectable enlargement of the uterus seen
day 30 post ovulation
At what day of gestation is the gravid uterus difficult to see as its the same size as interestines
day 25
At what day of gestation is the gravid uterus appear as gestational sac- spherical enlargements on radiographs
days 30-40
At what day of gestation is the gravid uterus appear a tubular uterus on radiographs
day 38-45
When does early mineralization in the dog fetuses occur on radiographs
43-45
When does early mineralization in the cat fetuses occur on radiographs
35-38
When in gestation can you count both spine and skulls on radiographs
day 50
When in gestation can you visualize tooth buds and bones of paw (digits)
60-64
What should you confirm for fetal maturity prior to elective C-section on radiograph
tooth buds and bones of paw (digits)
On Ultrasound, when is the earliest pregnancy detection in dogs/cats
18-25 days
On Ultrasound, when is the heart beat detect
23-30 days
What are best for assessing fetal factors causing dystocia (enlargement/positioning)
Radiographs
What maternal factors might cause dystocia
Skeletal abnormalities (pelvic trauma)
Uterine inerta- may be inferred from rads and based on hx and clinical signs
What fetal factors might cause dystocia
low number of fetuses leading to enlargement
mismatch in size, wrong orientation
What might indicate fetal demise of radiographs
1) gas within the uterus
2) gas within the fetus
3) Axial or appendicular skeletal malalignment
4) Collapse of skull bones
*changes occur at least 24 hours after fetal demise
When do radiographic changes of fetal demise occur on radiographs
at least 24 hours after fetal demise
Fetal demise after 45 days will cause
arrested bone development
Late term sterile demise results in
mummified fetuses
Rounded feti bodies with abscence of bone organization can occur with
ectopic pregnancies
