Essential points Flashcards
T/F: on left lateral there is occassional fluid accumulation in the caudal thoracic esophagus
T- soft tissue opacity
What are the radiographic findings of a dog with an aggressive vertebral lesion
Focal Decrease in vertebral opacity
-Chronic compression fx
-Osteomyelitis
-Neoplasia
-Possibly degenerative change
if multifocal
-think metastatic and multiple myeloma
flattening of the distal palmar articular margin of MC3 with sclerosis
palmar osteochondral disease
-radiographs are not sensitive to early POD changes
-Need to do other views
What are common radiographic findings of navicular bone degeneration
1) Synovial invagination
-increased number and rounded shape
2) Medullary sclerosis and sclerosis changes
-thickening of the flexor surface
3) Flexor Cortex Erosions: osseous changes- suggest soft tissue injury
4) Enthesophytes and avulsion fragments at the ligament attachment sites
What does suspensory ligament enthesoopathy look like on radiograph
sclerosis in the region of the origin of the suspensory ligament
How do you get the definitive diagnosis of suspensory ligament enthesiopathy
Ultrasound the suspensory ligament
What is the best view to see osteochondrosis in the equine tarsus
DMPLO
Why is the DMPLO the best view if you can only get one to screen for osteochondrosis in the equine tarsus
1) Distal Intermiate ridge of the tibia
2) Lateral trochlear ridge of the talus
can all be seen in the DMPLO, these are the two most common sites for osteochondrosis in the equine stifle
When do the trochlear ridges of the femur and patella in the foal ossify
by 6-9 weeks
*do not confuse with osteomyelitis
How do you distinguish a DMPLO from a DLPMO of the equine tarsus
larrys nose is seen on DMPLO
What are the indicators of chronic rotational laminitis
1) Thickenining of dorsal hoof wall: >16mm
2) Decreased laminar distinction
3) Palmar rotation
-Increased Parietal Surface Angle ?0
-Increased solar margin angle >3-8
In dogs, how do humeral condyle fractures typically occur
Incomplete ossification of humeral condyle
-congenital
-spaniel breeds and french bulldogs
*Often bilateral check the other one
What breeds commonly get incomplete ossification of humeral condyle
Spaniels
French Bulldogs
*Often bilateral - check other limb
What Salter-Harris occurs above the physis through the metaphysis
Class II
What are the most common sites of osteochondrosis in the equine stifle
What is the best view
1) Femoral trochelar ridge and patella
2) Osseous cyst like lesions on the medial femoral condyle
a Cd45lateral-craniomedial oblique
would highlight the
Caudomedial (left) and Craniolateral margins
which is good for the lateral trochlear ridge
Panosteitis is common in what breds
german shepherds and large breeds dogs
usually 5-18 months
self-limiting disease
no lysis occurs - just see ill or well defined patches of variably faint sclerosis in the medullary cavity
fracture where there is lots of proliferation, no bridging bone
hypertrophic non union
a fracture where there is little to no proliferation, no bridging bone
oligotrophic nonunion
a fracture where there is non bridging bone and bone is resorbing at edges
atrophic nonunion
a fracture where there is non bridging bone and sequestrum
necrotic nonunion
a fracture where there is non bridging bone and its too big to bridge
Defect - (avital)
T/F: hypertrophic nonunion might still be vital
True- it can form pseudoarthrosis
-rare
chronic motion causes soft tissues to form a false joint
need surgery to stabilize so it can heal
you see a dog with irregular perosteal proliferation on all limbs
what should you do
take radiographs of the thorax- could be a mass in the lung or elsewhere
(Hypertrophic osteopathy)
Hypertrophic osteopathy starts ______ and progresses _____
starts distal and progresses proximal
