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Yr 2 - Reproductive System > Reproduction Tutorial > Flashcards

Reproduction Tutorial Flashcards

1
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?

A
  1. Umbilical artery (and superior vesical branches) 2. Obturator artery 3. Uterine (and vaginal branch) or inferior vesical (and prostatic branch) 4. Middle rectal artery (only present in 60% of people 5. Internal pudendal artery 6. Inferior and superior gluteal arteries
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2
Q

Describe the course of the internal pudendal artery

A

Leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis and loops round sacrotuberous ligament, enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen

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3
Q

Describe course of inferior gluteal artery

A

Leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis to supply gluteal area

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4
Q

Describe course of superior gluteal artery

A

Leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis to supply gluteal area

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5
Q

What structure runs in the lateral umbilical fold?

A

Inferior epigastric artery

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6
Q

What structure runs in the median umbilical fold?

A

Urachus (remnant of allantois)

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7
Q

What structure runs in the medial umbilical fold?

A

Obliterated umbilical artery

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8
Q

What is the angle between the cervix and the vagina?

A

Vagina angled slightly posterior towards sacrum and cervix projects slightly anteriorly Angle –> anteversion

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9
Q

What is the angle between the uterus and the cervix?

A

Angle of anteflexion

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10
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Fibromuscular mass on which levator ani, muscles of UG diaphragm and external anal sphincter muscles converge

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11
Q

What does the pelvic diaphragm consist of?

A

Levator ani (puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus) and coccygeus

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12
Q

What separates the UG triangle and anal triange?

A

Imaginary line between ischial tuberosities

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the UG triangle?

A

Pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami laterally all the way to the ischiotuberosities, imaginary line between ishiotuberosities

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14
Q

Where is the perineal membrane found?

A

UG triangle only

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the anal triangle?

A

Imaginary line between ischiotuberosities, laterally by sacrotuberous ligaments, posteriorly by coccyx

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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the ischioanal fossa?

A

Medial –> external anal sphincter and levator ani Lateral –> obturator internus Inferiorly –> subcutaneous tissue

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17
Q

What is purpose of ischioanal fossa?

A

Expansion during defecation

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18
Q

What does perineal membrane separate the UG triangle into?

A

Superficial and deep pouch

19
Q

What is found between the perineal membrane and the pelvic floor?

A

Urogenital diaphragm (don’t confuse with pelvic diaphragm!) –> found in deep perineal pouch

20
Q

What space is found between the UG diaphragm and the pelvic floor?

A

Anterior extension of ischioanal fossa (found in deep perineal pouch)

21
Q

What can the UG diaphragm be divided into?

A
  1. Superior layer of loose connective tissue (superiorly) 2. Layer of striated muscle
22
Q

What does the layer of striated muscle of the UG diaphragm contain?

A

External urethral spincter and sphincter of vagina (in females)

23
Q

What is found lateral to urethral and vaginal sphincters?

A

Deep transverse perineal muscle (same course as perineal membrane but sits slightly deeper)

24
Q

Describe layers of UG triangle

A

Deep pouch: 1. Anterior extension of ischioanal fossa 2. Superior layer of loose connective tissue 3. UG diaphragm (layer of striated muscle) Perineal membrane (thick layer of fascia) Superficial pouch

25
Q

How does pudendal nerve enter superficial pouch?

A

Penetrate perineal membrane

26
Q

Contents of deep perineal pouch?

A
  1. External urethral sphincter 2. Bulbourethral gland within deep transverse fascia (only in males) 3. Vaginal sphincter 4. Deep transverse perineal muscle
27
Q

What does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

A

External genitalia

28
Q

Describe the corpus cavernosum in males/females

A

Chamber of erectile tissue either side of corpus spongiosum Come together anteriorly to form body of penis (or body of clitoris in females)

29
Q

What does corpus cavernosum attach to?

A

Ischiopubic ramus This forms the crus of the penis / clitoris

30
Q

What muscle are corpora cavernosa covered by?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscles (helps keep blood within erectile chambers)

31
Q

Describe corpus spongiosum in males

A

Erectile chamber in midline forms bulb of penis

32
Q

Describe corpus spongiosum in females

A

Erectile chambers either side of vaginal opening (don’t fuse) forms bulb of vestibule (either side) This is just deep to labia majora

33
Q

What muscle covers bulb of penis / bulb of vestibule?

A

Bulbospongiosus To keep blood within erectile chambers

34
Q

Where are greater vestibular glands located?

A

Superficial pouch

35
Q

What is the bulbourethral gland?

A

Either of two pea-shaped glands in the male, located beneath the prostate gland at the beginning of the internal portion of the penis; they add fluids to semen during the process of ejaculation Neutralises acidity of urine that may be present in urethra before ejaculation (protects sperm)

36
Q

What is found in deep perineal pouch in males?

A

External urethral sphincter Bulbourethral glands

37
Q

What is the female equivalent of the bulbourethral gland?

A

Greater vestibular gland

38
Q

Where are the greater vestibular glands located?

A

SUPERFICIAL perineal pouch

39
Q

What is function of greater vestibular gland?

A

Lubrication of vagina or urethra through mucus secretion

40
Q

What are the paraurethral / Skene glands?

A

Glands in female that are important in lubrication of vagina (during sexual activity)

41
Q

What are greater vestibular glands sometimes called?

A

Bartholin glands

42
Q

Angle of cervix uterus and vagina diagram

A
43
Q

Pelvic floor diagram

A

Yr 2 - Reproductive System (30 decks)

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