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Yr 2 - Reproductive System > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What can the perineum be divided into?

A

2 triangles:

  • Urogenital triangle
  • Anal triangle
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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the anal triange?

A
  1. Anal aperture
  2. External anal sphincter
  3. Ischioanal fossa x2
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3
Q

Where are the ischioanal fossa’s located?

A

Spaces located laterally to anus (between ischial spine and anus)

Extend from skin of anal region (inferiorly) to pelvic diaphragm (superiorly)

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4
Q

What is the medial boundary of the ischioanal fossa?

A

Levator ani and external anal sphincter

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5
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the ischioanal fossa?

A

Obturator internus

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6
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the ischioanal fossa?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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7
Q

What is the anal aperture?

A

Opening of anus

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8
Q

Where is the anal aperture located?

A

The anal aperture is located centrally in the triangle with the ischioanal fossae either side.

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9
Q

What do the ischioanal fossae contain?

A

Fat and connective tissue to allow expansion of anal canal during defecation

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10
Q

What else passes through the ischioanal fossa?

A

Pudendal neurovascular bundle (artery, nerve, vein)

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11
Q

What branch does the pudendal nerve/artery give off in the ischioanal fossa?

A

Inferior rectal nerve and inferior rectal artery

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12
Q

What does the inferior rectal nerve supply?

A

External anal sphincter, external urethral sphincter, levator ani

Helps with continence

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13
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve come from?

A

S2, S3, S4

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14
Q

What does the internal anal sphincter consist of?

A

Circular smooth muscle

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15
Q

What is the internal anal sphincter innervated by?

A

Autonomic fibres (as smooth muscle)

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16
Q

What is the external anal sphincter innervated by?

A

Pudendal nerve –> somatic control

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17
Q

What are the different parts of the external anal sphincter?

A
  1. Deep part
  2. Superficial part
  3. Subcutaneous part
18
Q

Describe the deep part of the external anal sphincter

A

Fuses with fibres of levator ani including puborectalis

Maintains anorectal angle

19
Q

What is the superficial part of the external anal sphincter attached to?

A

Anteriorly to the perineal body

20
Q

What is the urogenital triangle covered by?

A

An additional layer of strong deep fascia; the perineal membrane, as well as the muscular urogenital diaphragm

21
Q

What does the urogenital triangle merge with posteriorly?

A

The perineal body in the midline

22
Q

What is found above and below perineal membrane?

A

Pouches on superior and inferior surfaces

Above - deep perineal pouch
Below - superficial perineal pouch

23
Q

What are the boundaries of the urogenital triangle?

A

It is bounded by the pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, and a theorectical line between the two ischial tuberosities

24
Q

What are the layers of the urogenital triangle (deep to superficial)?

A
  1. Deep perineal pouch
  2. Urogenital diaphragm
  3. Superficial perineal pouch
  4. Perineal fascia
  5. Skin
25
Q

What is found superior to the UG diaphragm?

A

Deep perineal pouch

26
Q

What is the UG diaphragm made up of?

A
  1. Superior layer of connective tissue
  2. Layer of striated muscle
  3. Inferior thick layer of fascia: perineal membrane
27
Q

What does the layer of striated muscle of the UG diaphragm form?

A

External urethral sphincter, sphincter of vagina

28
Q

What is found inferiorly/superficially to UG diaphragm?

A

Superficial perineal pouch

29
Q

What is found within the superficial perineal pouch?

A
  • Erectile tissue that forms the penis and clitoris (corpus cavernosum): found in men and women
  • Corpus spongiosum/bulb of vestibule

Have 2 identical ones, one on either side of corpus spongiosum/vestibular bulbs

30
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

A mass of erectile tissue alongside the corpora cavernosa of the penis

31
Q

What is function of corpus spongiosum/the two cavernosa?

A

Expandable and sponge like, involved in process of penile erection

Corpora cavernosum fills with blood

32
Q

What does the corpus spongiosum correspond to in females?

A

Female vestibular bulbs

33
Q

What does the corpus spongiosum contain?

A

The urethra

34
Q

Where does the corpus spongiosum terminate?

A

Dilates to form glans penis

35
Q

What does the root/bulb of penis attach to?

A

Perineal membrane

36
Q

How do the female vestibular bulbs differ from male corpus cavernosum?

A

Female bulbs don’t fuse but sit either side of vaginal opening

37
Q

How do the female vestibular bulbs terminate?

A

Clitoris

38
Q

What muscle is found around the vestibular bulb and bulb of penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

39
Q

What muscle covers the corpora cavernosa?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

40
Q

Where do external genitalia hang from?

A

Perineal membrane (superficial pouch)

41
Q

What supplies the external genitalia?

A

Branches of pudendal artery and nerve

42
Q

How do the pudendal artery/nerve enter the perineum?

A

Leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis, curves around ischial spine to enter perineum via lesser sciatic foramen

Yr 2 - Reproductive System (30 decks)

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