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Yr 2 - Reproductive System > Perineum and External Genitalia - Anatomy > Flashcards

Perineum and External Genitalia - Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the perineum into the urogenital and anal triangle?

A

Imaginary line between ischial tuberosities

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2
Q

What does the anal triangle contain?

A
  • Anal opening
  • Anal aperture
  • Ischioanal fossa x2
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3
Q

What is ischioanal fossa?

A

Fat filled space between ischium and anus

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4
Q

What does ischioanal fossa allow for?

A

Expansion during defecation

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5
Q

What forms the lateral boundary of the ischioanal fossa?

A

Obturator internus

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6
Q

What forms the medial boundary of the ischioanal fossa?

A

Levator ani

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7
Q

What forms the inferior boundary of the ischioanal fossa?

A

Subcutaneous fat and tissue

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8
Q

Describe the course of the internal pudendal artery / nerve / vein

A

Leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen, loops around sacrospinous ligament and enters into perineum via lesser sciatic foramen

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9
Q

What branches does the internal pudendal artery give off?

A

Branches to levator ani, inferior rectal branches

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10
Q

Where does the pudendal neurovascular bundle course?

A

In ischioanal fossa

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11
Q

Describe the course of the piriformis muscle

A

Leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen to attach to the femur

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12
Q

What can the urogenital triangle be divided into?

A

Superficial and deep perineal pouches

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13
Q

What separates the superficial and deep perineal pouches?

A

Perineal membrane

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14
Q

Where does the perineal membrane project from/to?

A

Membrane projects from ischiopubic ramus to ischial tuberosities

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15
Q

What are the only openings that the perineal membrane contains?

A

Opening for urethra and vagina in female

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16
Q

What does the perineal membrane act as?

A

Perineal membrane acts as an attachment point for the external genitalia, so external genitalia hang and are located in the superficial perineal pouch

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17
Q

What is found deep to the perineal membrane?

A

The external urethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal muscles

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18
Q

What is found superficial to the perineal membrane?

A

Erectile tissues and associated muscles

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19
Q

Where does the bulb of the penis hang from?

A

Perineal membrane in the midline

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20
Q

What muscle surrounds the bulb of the penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus

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21
Q

What does the bulb of the penis project forward as?

A

The corpus spongiosum

22
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

An erectile chamber that attaches to perineal membrane at the bulb of the penis where it is covered by bulbospongiosus muscle

23
Q

What does the corpus spongiosum contain?

A

Penile urethra

24
Q

What surface does the corpus spongiosum form?

A

Ventral surface

25
Q

How does the corpus spongiosum terminate?

A

Dilates to form glans penis

26
Q

What is found laterally to bulb of penis?

A

The corpora cavernosa (one corpus cavernosum either side)

27
Q

What are the corpora cavernosa?

A

Erectile chambers with overlying muscle

28
Q

What muscle overlies corpora cavernosa?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscles

29
Q

Where do the isciocavernosus muscles attach to?

A

Ischiopubic ramus

30
Q

What happens as the 2 corpora cavernosa approach the midline in males?

A

Converge at level of pubic arch and project forwards on the dorsal aspect of the penis

31
Q

What hangs from the perineal membrane in males?

A
  1. Bulb of penis formed by the corpus spongiosum

2. 2 chambers: the corpora cavernosa, covered by the ischiocavernosus muscles

32
Q

What differs in the male and female bulb?

A

Bulb in male is fused but unfused in female

33
Q

What is found either side of vaginal opening?

A

Vestibular bulbs (one bulb of vestibule either side as unfused)

34
Q

Where do vestibular bulbs hang from?

A

Perineal membrane

35
Q

What is the bulb of vestibule covered by?

A

Thin filament of muscle - bulbospongiosus

36
Q

What do the bulbs of vestibule continue forward to form?

A

Glans of clitoris

37
Q

What are vestibular bulbs formed from?

A

Corpus spongiosum tissue

38
Q

What is found lateral to vestibular bulbs?

A

Corpora cavernosa, hanging from perineal membrane, covered by ischiocavernosus muscle

39
Q

What do corpora cavernosa project forward to form in females?

A

Body of clitoris

40
Q

Where are labia majora found?

A

Either side of vaginal opening with bulb of vestibule either side

41
Q

What is found within the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens, testiculary artery, pampiniform plexus

42
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus?

A

Venous network that drains the testis and epipdidymis

The network surrounds the testicular artery in the spermatic cord and lies anterior to the vas deferens

43
Q

What surrounds the testes?

A

Tunica vaginalis –> remnant of processus vaginalis (layer of peritoneum that invaginates during descent of testes)

44
Q

What scrotal layer comes from the transversalis fascia?

A

Internal spermatic fascia

45
Q

What scrotal layer comes from the internal oblique?

A

Cremasteric fascia

46
Q

What scrotal layer comes from the external oblique?

A

External spermatic fascia

47
Q

What scrotal layer comes from the parietal peritoneum?

A

Tunica vaginalis

48
Q

What scrotal layer comes from the transversus abdominis?

A

None

49
Q

What is the crus of the clitoris formed by?

A

The part of the corpus cavernosus attaching to the ischiopubic rami.

50
Q

What is the body of the clitoris formed by?

A

2 corpora cavernosa (right and left) projecting anteriorly.

51
Q

What part of the penis is formed from the attachment of the corpora cavernosa to the ischiopubic rami?

A

Crura

Yr 2 - Reproductive System (30 decks)

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