🏥- Reproduction Test

Question 1

PSA and DRE

Answer 1

Prostate-specific antigen: protein produced by the prostate gland and maybe considered a tumor marker

Digital rectal examination: enlarged prostate can be palpated on examination

Question 2

Alpha adrenergic blockers

Answer 2

Tamsulosin (flomax)

Relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate

Question 3

Adverse effects of alpha blockers

Answer 3

Headache 
Nasal congestion 
Dizziness 
Drowsiness 
Orthostatic hypotension 
Retrograde ejaculation

Question 4

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

Answer 4

Finasteride (proscar)

Prevents testosterone from being converted to DHT , which causes the prostate tissue to shrink

Question 5

Oxybutynin

Answer 5

An anticholenergic used by the patient with BPH experiencing an over active bladder , to relax bladder smooth muscle

Question 6

Transurethral resection of the prostate TURP

Answer 6

A small cutting tool is used to remove the entire inner prostate

Question 7

Transurethral incision of prostate TUIP

Answer 7

Two small incisions into the prostate, relieves compression of the urethra and opens up the channel

Results in easier passage of urine

Question 8

Transurethral microwave therapy

Answer 8

An electrode produces microwave energy that heats the in er portion of the prostate , destroying the tissue and causing the gland to shrink

Used for small prostates

Question 9

Transurethral needle ablation TUNA

Answer 9

Needles placed into the prostate and radio waves are passed through them to heat and destroy prostrate tissue

Used if there is a concern about excess bleeding

Question 10

Prostate cancer tumors

Answer 10

Tend to grow on the periphery of the prostate gland which doesn’t obstruct the flow of urine

Question 11

Brachytherapy

Answer 11

Radioactive seeds or pellets are placed in the prostate

Abstain from sex for 2 weeks and then wear a condom to protect partner from radiation exposure

Question 12

Ablative hormone therapy

Answer 12

Suppression of testosterone

Testosterone is an androgen, and andgrogens promote the growth of tumors

Question 13

Risk factors for prostate cancer development

Answer 13

• African American
• age 55 or older
• family history
• diet low in fruits and vegetables
• increased multivitamin use
• increased calcium consumption

Question 14

Prostate cancer prevention includes increased consumption of which types of foods

Answer 14

Foods that contain selenium such as oysters, tuna, whole wheat bread or sunflower seeds

Question 15

Most common causes of ED

Answer 15

• cardiovascular disease
• smoking
• obesity
• stroke
• spinal cord injury
• disease of the neurological system
• diabetes
• liver disease
• kidney disease
• low testosterone
• prostate/rectal surgery
• peyronies disease
• adverse effects of medication
• psychological issues

Question 16

PDE-5 inhibitors

Answer 16

Allows cgmp to work stimulating erection

Silenafil (viagra) vardenafil (levitra) tadalafil (cialis)

Question 17

Pde-5 inhibitors should be used with caution with which meds and why

Answer 17

Nitrates for cardiac issues or alpha blockers for BPH

Question 18

Medicated ureteral system for erection

Answer 18

Aprostadil pellets placed in the urethra , massage 🍆 for 10mins to absorb the medicine

Aprostadil is a prostaglandin E1 , which causes increased blood flow to the penis via vasodilation

Question 19

Risk factors for testicular cancer

Answer 19

Cryptorchidism (undescended testicles)
Infertility
Smoking

Question 20

Seminoma

Answer 20

Slow growing testicular cancer that usually occurs between 30-40

Question 21

Non-seminoma

Answer 21

Rapidly growing testicular cancer found in men from teens to 40

Question 22

Clinical manifestations of testicular cancer

Answer 22

Pain, swelling, hardness/heaviness/fullness feeling of scrotum

Question 23

Gynecomastia

Answer 23

Breast enlargement associated with metastasis of testicular cancer

Question 24

Nonseminomas aren’t responsive to which type of treatment

Answer 24

Radiation

Question 25

Torsion

Answer 25

Twisted spermatic cord

Question 26

Hydrocele

Answer 26

Fluid filled sac around a testicle

Question 27

Spermatocele

Answer 27

Sperm containing cyst that develops on the epididymis alongside the testicle

Question 28

Varicocele

Answer 28

Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum

Bag of worms

Question 29

Phimosis

Answer 29

Tight foreskin can’t be pulled back over the head of the penis

Question 30

Paraphimosis

Answer 30

Foreskin doesn’t return to normal position, constructing the glans causing swelling and impeding blood flow

Question 31

Clinical manifestations of BPH

Answer 31

• difficulty starting urine flow
• weak stream
• multiple interruptions during stream
• post void dribbling
• feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
• nocturia