👧🏾- Infant Development Flashcards
Sensorimotor (Piaget)
( birth to 2 years old )
Progress from reflex activity through simple repetitive behaviors to imitative behavior
Develop sense of cause and effect ; problem splicing by trial and error
Become aware of object permanence
Oral stage (Freud)
(Birth to 1 year old)
Major source of pleasure seeking is centered in oral activities, such as sucking, biting, chewing and vocalizing
4 months old fine motor skills
- inspects and plays with hands; pulls clothing or blanket over face in play
- grasps object with both hands
- palmer hang grasp
5 months old fine motor skills
- able to grasp objects voluntarily
- takes objects directly to mouth
6 months old fine motor skills
-holds bottle
7 months old fine motor skills
-transfers objects from one hand to the other
8 months fine motor skills
- retains 2 cubes
- reaches for toys
9 months old fine motor skills
-uses thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp
12 months fine motor skills
-attempts to build two-block tower
4 months old gross motor skills
-gains head control ; has almost no head lag when pulled to sitting position
5 months old gross motor skills
-can turn over from abdomen to back
6 months old gross motor skills
-rolls from back to abdomen
7 months old gross motor skills
- sits, leaning forward on both hands
- bears full weight on feet
8 months old gross motor skills
-sits steadily unsupported
9 months old gross motor skills
- pulls self to standing position and stands holding on to furniture
- creeps on hands and knees
11 months old gross motor skills
-cruises or walks holding on to furniture or with both hands held
12 months old gross motor skills
-walks with one hand held
Separation anxiety vs Stranger fear
Separation anxiety begins to develop between 4 and 8 months old
Stranger fear develops between 6 and 8 months old
Landau reflex
When held in a prone position the baby will lift his head and extend his legs
Appears between 6-8 months
Parachute reflex
A protective response to falling , when a baby puts their hands out to brace for a fall
Appears at 7-9 months old
Name the 4 reflexes that disappear between 3-4 months of age
Rooting
Tonic neck
Moro or startle
Palmar grasp
When does the dance or step reflex disappear
Between 3-4 weeks
Babinski reflex response
Toes should fan out until the baby starts walking
Toes should flex after starting to walk
Top 5 reasons of infant mortality
1 congenital anomalies
2 low birth weight
3 maternal complications
4 SIDS
5 accidents
Define newborn vs infancy
Newborn is the first month of life (28 days)
Infancy is the entire first year of life
What 3 ways does growth and development occur
1 cephalocaudal (head to toe)
2 proximodistal (near to far)
3 differentiation (simple to complex)
Normal ❤️ rates from newborn to 2yrs
Newborn
Awake: 100-180
Sleeping: 80-160
1wk to 3mo
Awake: 100-220
Sleeping: 80-200
3mo to 2yr
Awake: 80-150
Sleeping: 70-120
Weight gain during infancy
Birth weight doubled at 6 months
Birth weight tripled by 1 year of age
Height change during infancy
Height increases 1 inch per month during the first 6 months
Birth length increases by 50% by 1 year
Head circumference during infancy
Increases 2cm per month for first 3 months
1cm per month from 4 to 6 months
0.5cm monthly growth for last 6 months
When assessing development and growth always correct for
Prematurity
Greater than 2 weeks ; less than 2 years
Thumb sucking/pacifier
Peaks at 18 - 20 months
Occurs most often when hungry or tired
Malocclusion
Abnormal alignment of the upper and lower teeth
Use of acetaminophen or ibuprofen during teething
Can be given for no more than 3 days
Which deciduous teeth are the first to erupt
Lower central incisors , appear at approximately 6 to 10 months
Trust vs Mistrust (Erikson)
(Birth to 1 year old)
Corresponds to freud’s oral stage ; time of getting and taking in through all the senses
Mistrust develops when trust-promoting experiences are deficient or lacking or when basic needs are inconsistently or inadequately met
The result is faith and optimism
