Reproduction Test 2: Fisch part 2 Flashcards
Q9:
In Endometriosis, who is more likely to get it?
Higher incidence in women in higher socio-economic groups who tend to marry later in life.
- Women of reproductive life (30s-40s)
Q9:
Does Endometriosis progress to cancer?
No, benign disease does not progress to cancer
Q9:
List the four risk factors for endometrial carcinoma
- Taking exogenous estrogen in the form of pills or injections
- Have estrogen-producing tumors
- Are obese and form estrogen at an increased rate by fat tissue conversion. DM and HTN are both known risk factors, both related to obesity.
- are NULLIPAROUS ( woman who has never given birth) or have EARLY menarche and late menopause (related to longer exposure to estrogen)
Q10:
Endometrial cancer is what type of cancer?
Adenocarcinoma (glandular) cancer.
Q10:
What is the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer?
Increases in estrogen
Q10:
Are thin or large people the major risk factor of endometrial cancer?
Large
Q10:
Where does endometial cancer rank in GYN cancers?
MOST COMMON in number in GYN cancer.
- Most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract, accounting for approx. 50% of all GYN malignancies,
Q10:
What are the most common complain for women w/ endometrial carcinomas (most common presenting symptom)?
Most common presenting symptom:
- Vaginal bleeding that may occur as spotting between two menstruations, or as prolonged pronounced menstral bleeding (menorrhagia)
Q11*:
List the four risk factors of cervical carcinomas:
- Sexual intercourse at an early age
- Multiple sex partners (prostitutes)
- Evidence of HPV infection
- Other venereal diseases, such as Herpes or Syphilis (all point to environmental causes)
Q12:
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?
Most common pathologic condition leading to ectopics is CHRONIC SALPINGITIS (PID)
– Other factors include: Peritubal adhesions as from endometriosis, previous surgeries, and leiomyomas.
Q13:
Would pregnancy test still be considered positive in an ectopic pregnancy and why?
Yes, because placenta still releases pregnancy hormones.
Q13:
Where are the most common places for ectopic pregnancies to happen?
Fallopian tubes (95%) Ovary Abdominal cavity Pouch of Douglas (Posterior Fornix)
Q13:
What time frame would you seen in an ectopic pregnancy?
2-6 weeks after pregnancy.
Q13:
What would you be aspirating from the posterior fornix or pouch of douglas if it ruptured?
fresh blood
Q13:
What kind of pathologic condition would you have leading to ectopic pregnancy?
- If you have any structure adhesion in the fallopian tube, what is it called?
Chronic Salpingitis (aka pelvis inflammatory disease?) - Chronic salpingitis
Q13:
What would an endometrial biopsy show in an ectopic pregnancy.
Chorionic villi present in tube and not seen any in the uterus
Q14:
In women, what three structures are squamous epithelium tissue and what is the name of the cancer of this area?
- Cervix, Vulva and Vagina (#1 cancer of Squamous cell carcinomas)
- Squamous cell carcinomas
Q14:
In woman, what three structures are glandular epithelium tissue and what is the name of the cancer of this area?
- Fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus (#1 cancer of adenocarcinomas)
- Adenocarcinomas
Q15:
List four tumors that are derived from germ cell epithelium
- Benign Cystic Teratoma (Dermoid Cyst)
- Endodermal Sinus Tumor
- Dysgerminoma
- Choriocarcinoma
Q15:
List four tumors that are derived from surface epithelium
- All tumors of surface epithelium are either what two things?
- Serous- Most common
- Mucinous
- Brenner
- Endometroid
- All tumors of surface epithelium are either adenomas or adenocarcinomas
Q16:
What kind of tumor markers/hormones do surface epithelial tumors produce?
CA-125 (antibody to cancer antigen)
Q16:
What kind of tumor markers/hormones do endodermal sinus tumors produce?
Alpha feto-protein (AFP)
Q16:
What kind of tumor markers/hormones do choriocarcinomas produce?
- At time of diagnosis, choriocarcinomas can metastasize to where?
Beta HCG
- Metastasize widely from the bloodstream to the liver, lungs, and bones at time of diagnosis.
Q16:
The following are all sex cord stromal tumors:
What kind of tumor markers/hormones do each produce?
- Thecomas tumors
- Granulosa cell tumors
- Sertoli- Leydig cell tumors
Thecomas = Estrogen
Granulosa cell tumors = Estrogen
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors = Androgens aka testosterone
Q16:
What kind of tumor markers/hormones do ovarian mass produce?
Alpha feto-protein (AFP)
Q17:
What kind of tumor is a dermoid cyst?
Benign germ cell tumor
Q17:
What is another name for a dermoid cyst?
Benign Cystic Teratoma
Q18:
Give characteristics of a dermoid cyst and what can be found in a dermoid cysts?
Dermoid cyst is lined on the inside with hairy skin and the wall contains tissues such as teeth, bone, and cartilage along with skin appendages, such as sweat and sebaceous glands.
Q19:
Common age for presence of dermoid cysts (benign cystic teratoma)?
Common ovarian tumor in women younger than 25 years old
Q20:
List four locations that can harbor choriocarcinoma (where choriocarcinoma can come from)
Testes
Ovaries
Placenta
Endometrium
