Reproduction Test 2: Fisch part 1 Flashcards
Q1. Know normal histology of the entire reproductive tract of the female.
What type of epithelium makes up the vulva, cervix, and vagina?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Q1:
What would the cancer be called if it was regarding to the vulva, cervix, and vagina?
- Is it slow growing or fast growing?
Squamous cell carcinoma
- Slow growing
Q1:
Within the vaginal mucosa, how do the stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue lie?
- What kind of folds?
- name of folds?
lies in a series of TRANSVERSE FOLDS
- called the RUGAE.
21:
The urogenital sinus gives rise to what male and female structure?
Male: prostate gland
Female: skeens glands
Q2:
The urogenital swellings give rise to what male and female structure?
Male: scrotum
Female: labia majora
Q2:
The greater vestibular (bartholin glands) is homologous to?
Cowper’s glands (male)
Q3:
What type of cancer is found in the vulva
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
usually slow growing
Q3:
Who’s more likely to get cancer in the vulva?
Older woman (3% GYN cancers)
Q3:
What does cancer of the vulva look like grossly?
Wart-like or slightly raised mucosal lesions or ulcers.
( recognize by gross inspection of external genitalia
Q4:
What is carcinoma insitu (CIS)?
any cancer of the vulva, when we talk about before the cancer is invasive.
CIS: Cancer that did not reached the basement membrane, therefore it is not considered invasive.
Q4:
What does VIN stand for and define meaning?
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Invasive cancer of the vulva preceded by carcinoma in-situ (CIS)
Q5:
What is the most frequent cause of death related to stage IV cervical cancer? (There are three)
1) SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
2) Severed dysplasia (CIN-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) may progress to carcinoma that is limited to B.M, called CIS
3) RENAL FAILURE
Q5:
What is the type of cancer that’s related to maternal exposure to DES?
Clear cell adenocarcinoma
Q6:
Who is more likely to get glycan sclerosis of the vulva?
older woman around 60. It’s an age related change. Nothing to do with malignancy, not thing to do with infection
Q6:
What is the characteristics of glycan sclerosis of the vulva?
– Is it slow growing or fast?
Characterized by thickening of the outside epidermis, (known as HYPERKARYTOSIS) and along the hyperkaryotosis, you get flattening of entire epidermis.
-Can be slow growing.
Q7:
which places are the common sites for endometriosis to occur?
Pelvic peritoneum, ovary and fallopian tube.
Q7:
What is endometriosis
Endometrial tissue that forms tumor-like nodules outside of the uterus.
Q7:
What is a chocolate cysts?
Large cystic lesions measuring 1-5 cm (in diameter) present in ovarian endometriosis.
- The endometriotic cysts are filled with brown-red viscous fluid derived from decomposed blood.
Q7:
What is the most popular theory regarding endometriosis and explain it.
- Regurgitation theory:
the endometrial tissue is regurgitated during normal menstruation and instead of entering the vagina, it is transferred upstream where it enters the abdominal cavity through the fallopian tubes. The glands implant on the serosa of the ovary or the peritoneum, forming typical red-brown nodules or plaques.
Q8:
What is the most common uterine tumor?
uterine fibroids
( Grossly, they are sharply circumscribed unencapsulated white-tan whorled masses on cut section.
Q8:
What is another name for uterine fibroids?
Leiomyomas
Q8:
What are the three types of uterine fibroids and what are they based on?
Based on location:
1) Intramural
2) Subserosal
3) Submucosal
Q8:
Location of the intramural uterine fibroid?
embedded within the MYOMETRIUM
Q8:
Location of the Subserosal uterine fibroid?
Occurs beneath the covering serosa of the uterus
Q8:
Location of the Submucosal uterine fibroid?
Protrude into the endometrial cavity.
Q8:
What type of tumor are leiomyomas?
- Benign or malignant
- Occur in Skeletal of Smooth muscle cells?
- Benign tumors
- Smooth muscle cells of the myometrium
( arranged in fascicles)
Q8:
What percentage of uterine fibroids are benign?
98.5% are benign. (LEIOMYOMAS)
1-2% are malignant. (LEIOMYOSARCOMAS)
Q8:
What’s the percentage in which all woman of reproductive age (30s-40s) have them?
20%
(commonly seen during reproductive age – uterine fibroids),
- not commonly seen after menopause
Q9:
What are some symptoms associated with having uterine fibroids?
Common and Submucosal
Common:
Abdominal heaviness
Urinary urgency
Constipation.
Tumors located beneath the mucosa tend to grow into the endometrial cavity (submucosal), causing:
Menstral irregularities
Endometrial bleeding
Infertility, because it interferes with implantation of the embryo.
Q10:
Which of the uterine fibroids is most detrimental to fertilization?
Submucosal uterine fibroid
Q10:
Which of the uterine fibroids is most detrimental to fertilization?
Submucosal uterine fibroid
Q5:
What are the three types of CIN?
CIN 1: Least risky, mild dysplasia, confined to basal 1/3 of epithelium
CIN 2: Moderate dysplasia, confined to basal 2/3 of the epithelium
CIN 3: Severe dysplasia, more than 2/3 of epithelium (also called CIS)
