Reproduction Paper 2 Flashcards
What is a recessive disorder
It is a disorder that is only expressed when both alleles that code for the disorder are recessive
What are some features of asexual reproduction?
One parent, no genetic variation, faster than sexual reproduction, offspring genetically identical to parents, no gametes involved
What is natural selection?
Organisms more adapted to an environment, survive and reproduce
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA that codes for a characteristic
What is the process of mitosis?
DNA replicates a form copies of each chromosome and the cell grows and copies organelles E.G.ribosomes. One set of chromosomes is pulled to each side of the cell, the nucleus divides, the cytoplasm and cell membrane then divide to form two identical daughter cells
What is the description of the genotype BB
Homozygous dominant
Can you be a carrier for polydactyl?
No because it’s caused by dominant allele
What is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosome
What is a mutation?
A change in DNA that is spontaneous
What is a genotype?
A combination of alleles you have
How is an embryo formed
An egg and sperm join together to create a new cell code zygote. Then this cell divides by mitosis produce in many identical cells called embryos.
What is the function of mitosis?
growth and repair of multicellular organisms
What are the similarities and differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Similarities or that they both produce offspring, they both use DNA to create new life and both offspring grows and develops
Differences- in sexual reproduction there is genetic variation while in asexual reproduction. There is no genetic variation. In that sexual reproduction involves two parents while in a sexual reproduction It is only one parent. In sexual reproduction offspring is not identical while in asexual reproduction the offspring are identical. In sexual reproduction, it’s a slower time period while in a sexual reproduction is a quicker time period
Why are people for and against embryonic screening?
For – should be able to choose baby you want, should choose, desired characteristics, saves parents, money, and time if the baby comes out disabled
Against – it’s expensive so money should go elsewhere, taking away a potential life, playing God, it should not be the parents choice, if a baby lives or dies
What is the female gamete in plants?
Egg cell
What is the male gamete in plants?
Pollen cell
Advantages to asexual reproduction?
Dont need to find mate
Produced faster
Many identical offspring
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?
23 (46)
What is the process of natural selection?
Two populations were separated/isolated by a geographical barrier
Variation of alleles in each population
When change in environment occurs, the population adapts and passes on desired characteristics to survive + reproduce
This continues until differences in characteristics enable two populations to no longer be able to interbreed
What is a species?
Organisms that can breed together successfully
Process of selective breeding?
Select organisms with desired characteristics
Breed together to produce offspring with these alleles
Then, repeatedly breed offspring over generations to increase allele frequency
What is genetic engineering?
When an organism with desired characteristics is taken for gene and this is given to other organism modifying their genome
Advantages of genetic engineering?
Greater yield for cheaper
Crops with desired characteristics
