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Biology > Nervous System Paper 2 > Flashcards

Nervous System Paper 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintenance of internal conditions of the body

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2
Q

What does homeostasis include?

A

Blood glucose concentration
pH level
Water content of body

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3
Q

What is the response in a reflex action?

A

Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neurone
Relay neurone
(Brain)
Motor neurone
Effector
Response

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4
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A change in environment that causes the body to respond

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5
Q

What is a receptor?

A

The organ (skin) that detects to stimulus by transmitting electrical impulses to the brain

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6
Q

What is a neurone?

A

A specialised nerve cell that transmits electrical impulses

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7
Q

What is an effector and examples?

A

The organ that brigs about a response as a result of a stimulus
Glands
Muscles

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8
Q

What is the coordination centre?

A

Brain, spinal cord
Receives electrical impulses from receptors and generates signals to bring about a response

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9
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

A subconscious reaction that reducs risk of harm

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10
Q

What makes an reaction reflex?

A

Through spinal cord

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11
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Gap between neurones

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12
Q

How are electrical impulses transmitted through neurones?

A

Pre synaptic neurone has neurone transmitters that release chemicals into synapse
These diffuse over synapse and attach to receptors on post synaptic neurone.

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13
Q

What is the function of the optical nerve?

A

Sends electrical impulses to the brain

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14
Q

What is hypertopia and myopia?

A

Long and short sightedness

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15
Q

What are two ways a student can improve a reaction time practical?

A

Drop the ruler from the same height
Same type/weight of ruler

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16
Q

What does the ciliary muscle do?

A

Change shape of lens to focus

17
Q

Define accurate

A

A measurement close to true value

18
Q

Define precise

A

Repeated measurements that are close in value

19
Q

What is reaction time?

A

How long it takes for you to react to a stimulus

20
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Coordinating muscular activity and balance

21
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

Control consciousness, memory and language

22
Q

How does the nervous system coordinate a reflex action? (6)

A

(1)Receptor detects stimulus
(2) causes sensory neurone to send electrical impulses to the spinal cord (3) across a synapse where chemical signals are transmitted to relay neurone. Then electrical impulses are sent to motor neurone where an effector is able to bring about a response

23
Q

Name method that doctors can use to find out how damaged brain is?

A

CT scan
MRI scan

24
Q

Explain why a long sighted person has difficulty seeing near objects clearly?

A

Light focus behind retina because their lens can’t get thick enough to have light focus on retina

25
Q

How can lenses correct long sightedness?

A

Convex lenses allow light to be refracted to move focus of the light to on the retina, creating a clear image

26
Q

Response is?

A

Rapid

27
Q

Effect is?

A

Temporary and reversible

28
Q

Transmission and communication?

A

By neurone through electrical impulses

29
Q

Response is?

A

Localised and short lived

30
Q

Suggest how the fMRI scanner could help to find out more about the brain damage a person has?

A

You can ask people to do different specific tasks while taking a scan to see which part of the brain is active/ inactive
This allows us to see which part of the brain is working so we can then compare with a person without brain damage to see where the damage is

31
Q

Describe how the brain receives information about light entering the eye?

A

retina sensitive to light
allow retina detects light
allow rods / cones to detect light. Then, electrical impulses pass along sensory neurone to optic nerve that sends information to the brain

32
Q

What does medulla do?

A

Controls unconscious activities such as heartbeat, swallowing, and breathing

33
Q

What can brain damage cause?

A

Loss of specific functions such as damage to cerebellum can cause loss of movement

Biology (9 decks)

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