Inheritance, Variance,and Evolution Paper 2 Flashcards
What is a nucleotide?
Phosphate, sugar, base
What is a mutation?
A change to a sequence of DNA bases
Process of genetic engineering?
Isolate the required gene using an enzyme
Insert gene into vector (plasmid)
Then vector will insert gene into cells from other organism.
Process of genetic engineering?
Isolate the required gene using an enzyme
Insert gene into vector (plasmid)
Then vector will insert gene into cells from other organism.
Order of binomial system?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are 3 types of evidence that support evolution?
Genetics
Fossil record
Natural selection by antibiotic resistance bacteria
3 ways fossils can form?
Conditions with no oxygen, so no decomposition (amber)
Organism is replaced by minerals
Traces left in rock
Trace fossil?
Evidence of organism activity in behaviour and movement
Mould fossils?
An impression of organism is left in the rock
True form fossils?
Whole organism is preserved
Amber and ice
Process of fossilisation?
Sea creature sinks to seabed
Soft parts of organism rot away
Hard shell is left over and covered by sedimentary rock (layers of sediment compressed over time)
Hard shell gets replaced by minerals and turns into rock
Rock is worn away over time exposing fossil
Why is the fossil record incomplete?
Not all living organisms form fossils
Not all fossils can be reached
Soft tissue is hard to preserve
Causes of extinction?
New predators
Environmental change
Climate/temperature change
New diseases
What is a genome?
The entire set of genetic information in an organism
What are convergent species?
When two species evolve similar characteristics but dont share a common ancestor
