Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IGCSE Biology > Reproduction in people, inheritance, variation > Flashcards

Reproduction in people, inheritance, variation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of ovary

A

Production of gamete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of fallopian tube

A

site of fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of uterus

A

Site of implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of cervix

A

Dilates in birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define fertilisation

A

2 gametes join together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The menstrual cycle [3]

A

1) The cycle takes 28 days
2) Uterus lining will become thicker in preparation for embryo potentially implanting
3) No implantation the lining is shed and the cycle repeats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 hormones for menstrual cycle

A

LH
FSH
Oestrogen
Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of FSH [2]

A

-Stimulates egg maturation
-Stimulates folliciles in the ovaries to secrete oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of LH [2]

A

-Stimulates ovulation
-Formation of corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of oestrogen

A

-Stimulates the uterus to develop a lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of progesterone

A

-Maintain and thickens lining of the uterus
-No fertilisation = levels drop and period starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define inheritance

A

The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DNA contains

A

Contains information in the form of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define gene

A

Section of DNA coding for a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA’s shape

A

Double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chromosomes

A

Super-tight bundled DNA only form at cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes

A

23 pairs
46 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diploid vs Haploid

A

Diploid cells are the cells that contain 2 copies of each chromosomes
Haploid cells are the cells with 1 copy of each chromosome are sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DNA expression

A

All our cells contain the same genes, only difference between them is which genes they express (Protein made from)
(U have gene for producing insulin everywhere in ur body but cells in ur pancreas express the gene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alleles in organisms [2]

A

1) Everyone has 2 alleles for each gene
2) one on each chromosome. (Variations between people in their sequence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dominant allele

A

Controls the characteristic whenever it is present. Capital letter (B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Recessive allele

A

Characteristics only show up when it is present on both chromosomes. Lower case (b)

22
Q

Define phenotype

A

Physical appearance of an organism

22
Q

Define Genotype

A

The set of genes (alleles) that an organism possesses

23
Q

Define Homozygous

A

When 2 alleles are indentical

24
Q

Main site of progesterone production during pregnancy

A

Placenta

25
Q

Stem cells means

A

unspecialised cells that can divide by mitosis to become specialised cells

26
Q

Meiosis process [2]

A

1) Parent cell make daughter cells that are haploid with halved chromosomes
2) 2 haploid will fuse together to form a zygote diploid that results in a genetically different gamete

27
Q

Incomplete domniance means

A

The phenotype is a blend of both alleles

28
Q

Co-dominance means… [2]

A

1) Both alleles in a heterozygous organism are expressed in equal parts on the organism
2) The alles do not blend, but both are expressed

29
Q

Multiple allele means..

A

1) Involves genes that have more than two different alleles
2) A, B, AB or O
3) A > B > O (A and B are co dominance)

30
Q

Linked traits means…

A

Traits that are linked are found on the same chromosome, this means they tend to be inherited together more frequently

30
Q

Pedigree chart

A

Symbols to present people to show the inheritance of multiple generatij

30
Q

Gene define

A

A length of DNA that does for protein

31
Q

Gene mutation [3]

A

1) A RANDOM change to an organism’s DNA base sequence
2) Only true source of variation
3) Produces new alleles

32
Q

Variation define

A

Differences between individuals of the same species

33
Q

2 types of variation

A

1) Continuous variation
2) Discontinuous variation

34
Q

Define continuous variation

A

Results in a continuous range between extremes of a trait (Height, body mass, skin colour)

35
Q

Discontinuous variation

A

Results are limited to specific phenotypes with no intermediate/middleman (blood type)

36
Q

Things that increase mutation rates [3]

A

1) Chemicals
2) Radiation
3) Infectious agents

37
Q

Sources of variation [4]

A

1) Mutations
2) Meiosis
3) Random mating
4) Random fertilisation

38
Q

Adaptive feature define

A

An inherited feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

39
Q

Xerophytes are…

A

Plants adapted for living in extremely dry soils such as in deserts

40
Q

Hydrophytes are…

A

Plants adapted for watery habitats like rivers, ponds, and lakes

41
Q

Xerophytes adaptations list [4]

A

1) Thick waxy cuticle
2) Needle-shaped leaves
3) Thickened stems and leaves
4) Shallow but extensive root system

42
Q

Thick waxy cuticle adaptation purpose

A

Reduces transpiration

43
Q

Needle shaped leaves adaptation purpose

A

Reduces surface area exposed to air

44
Q

thickened stem and leaves adaptation purpose

A

Store water

45
Q

Shallow but extensive root system adaptation purpose

A

Allows them to soak up water during occasional rain.

46
Q

Hydrophytes adaptations list [4]

A

1) Air spaces
2) Flat leaves
3) Bottom of leaf submerged in water
4) Small roots

47
Q

Air spaces in leaves adaptation purpose

A

Reduces density allow them to float on top of water with MANY airspaces

48
Q

Flat leaves adaptation purpose

A

Maximise photosynthesis and help them float

49
Q

Bottom of leave submerged in water adaptation purpose

A

Stomata are on the upper epidermis so they can exchange gasses

50
Q

Small roots adaptation purpose

A

Because of plenty of water

IGCSE Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions