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IGCSE Biology > Plant nutrition > Flashcards

Plant nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen
in the prescence of light and chlorophyll

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1
Q

Photosynthesis definition

A

The process by which plants synthesis carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

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2
Q

Photosynthesis chemical equation

A

6CO^2 + 6H^2O -> C^6H^12O^6 + 6O^2

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3
Q

5 uses of carbonhydrate

A

1) Starch as energy store (Long chains of glucose)
2) Cellulose to build cell wall
3) Used for respiration to provide energy (Same as animals)
4)Sucose for transport in phloem
5) Converted to nectar and attracts pollinators

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4
Q

Leaf adaptations [2]

A

Large surface area
Very thin - aid diffusion

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5
Q

Define chlorophyll

A

Green pigment found in chloroplast

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6
Q

What does chlorophyll do

A

transfers energy from light
into energy in chemicals, for the synthesis of
carbohydrates

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7
Q

Explain importance of nitrate ions for making amino acids [2]

A

1) Nitrate ions is needed to make amino acids
2)Amino acids is needed to make protein for growth

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8
Q

What happens when plants are nitrate deficent [2]

A

1) Stunted growth
2) Yellowing leaves

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9
Q

Explain importance of magnesium ions for making chlorophyll [2]

A

1) Magneisum ions are needed to make chlorophyll
2) Chlorophyll is needed to absorb light for photosynthesis

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10
Q

Why can’t leaf be tested for glucose

A

Glucose is quickly used, converted and tranported, or turned into starch

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11
Q

Where is starch stored

A

Chloroplast

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12
Q

Investigating the Need for Chlorophyll [3]

A

1) hot ethanol in a boiling tube. This removes the chlorophyll
2) cover with iodine solution
3) In a green leaf, the entire leaf will turn blue-black as photosynthesis is occurring in all areas of the leaf

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13
Q

Define limiting factor

A

something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes

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14
Q

3 factors that limit photosynthesis

A

1) Temperature
2) Light intensity
3) Carbon dioxide concentration

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15
Q

The effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis [2]

A

1) As temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis increases as the reaction is controlled by enzymes
2) the enzymes begin to denature and the rate of reaction decreases as temperature is higher the optimum temperature

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16
Q

the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis

A

1) The more light a plant receives, the faster the rate of photosynthesis
2) This trend will continue until some other factor required for photosynthesis prevents the rate from increasing further because it is now in short supply

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17
Q

The effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesi

A

1) The more carbon dioxide a plant absorbs, the faster the rate of photosynthesis
2) This trend will continue until some other factor required for photosynthesis prevents the rate from increasing further because it is now in short supply

18
Q

Wax cuticle

A

Protective layer on top of the leaf, prevents water from evaporating

19
Q

Upper epidermis

A

Thin and transparent to let light enter palisade mesophyll layer underneath it

20
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

column shaped cells tightly packed with chloroplasts to absorb more light, maximising photosynthesis

21
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

Contains internal air spaces that icnreases the surface area to volume ratio for the diffusion of gases (Mainly carbon dioxide)

22
Q

Lower epidermis

A

Contains guard cells and stomata

23
Q

Guard cell

A

absorbs and loses water to open and close the stomata to allow carbon dioxide to to diffuse in, oxygen to diffuse out

24
Q

Stomata

A

1) gas exchange; opens during the day, closes during the night.
2) Evaporation of water takes place here
3) greater concentration on the underside of leaf to reduce water loss

25
Q

vascular bundle

A

Contain xylem and phloem to transport substance to and from the leaf

26
Q

Xylem

A

transports water into the leaf for mesophyll cells to use in photosynthesis and for transpiration from tomata

xylem closest to water in alphabet

27
Q

Phloem

A

transport sucrose and amino acid around the plant

ph sounds like food

28
Q

Large surface area (Leaf) adaptation

A

increases surface area for the diffusion of carbon dioxide and absorption of light for photosynthesis

29
Q

Thin adaptation

A

Allows carbon dioxide to diffuse to palisade mesophyll cell quickly

30
Q

Chlorophyll adaptation

A

Absorbs light energy so that photosynthesis can take place

31
Q

Net work of veins

A

Allows the transport of water to the cell of the leaf and carbon hydrates from the leaf for photosynthesis (Water for photosynthesis, carbon hydrates as the product of photosynthesis)

32
Q

Stomata function

A

Allows carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf and oxygen to diffuse out

33
Q

Epidermis is thin and transparent

A

Allows more light to reach the palisade cell

34
Q

Thin cuticle made of wax

A

To protect the leaf without blocking sunlight

35
Q

Palisade cell layer at the top of the leaf

A

Maximises the absorption of light as it will hit chloroplasts in the cell directly

36
Q

Spongy layer adaptation

A

Air space allows carbon dioxide to diffuse through the leaf, increasing the surface area

37
Q

Vascular bundle adaptation

A

thick cell walls of the tissue in the bundles to support the stem and leaf

38
Q

Usage of lipids in plant

A

1) Lipids is an energy source in seeds
2) synthesis new cellular material eg. membranes

39
Q

Light and dark conditions on gas exchange in an aquatic plant using hydrogencarbonate indicator solution

A

1) Net intake of carbon dioxide and a net output of oxygen
2) carbon dioxide is an acidic gas when dissolved in water
3) Hydrogencarbonate indicator shows the carbon dioxide concentration in solution

40
Q

Concentration of carbon dioxide

A

Highest: Yellow
Atmospheric: red
Lowest: Purple

41
Q

Iodide test [3]

A

for starch
Yellow/brown if not
blue/black if starch

42
Q

Why It is necessary to have a large surface area in the spongy mesophyll layer and lower epidermis? [3]

A

1) Fast gas exchange, more movement of gas by dffusion
2) Diffusion allows the aborption of carbon dioxide
3) Carbon dioixde is needed in photosynthesis

43
Q

Plants growing in soil lacking magnesium struggle to photosynthesise and therefore do not grow to their full potential because [4]

A

1) Magnesium is needed to synthesise chlorophyll
2) Chlorophyll absorbs light to provide energy needed for photosynthesis
3) Less light absorbed means less glucose synethesised
4) less respiration and therefore less energy is released for growth

IGCSE Biology (13 decks)

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