Reproduction/Development

Question 1

List three types of asexual reproduction.

Answer 1

Binary fission
budding
spore formation.

Question 2

What is binary fission?

Answer 2

The nucleus of a fully grown cell divides and the cell splits into two equal-sized daughter cells.
Eg amoeba and bacteria.

Question 3

What is budding?

Answer 3

Fully gorwn cell or organism forms a small cell or outgrowth (bud) that splits from the parent and develops into a separate organism. Eg yeast.

Question 4

What is spore formation?

Answer 4

Tiny cells (spores) from in spore cases. They are scattered around when the case bursts. Each spore becomes a new organism.

Question 5

What is regeneration?

Answer 5

The ability of some organisms to grow back missing body parts. eg. starfish, lobster.

Question 6

What is fertilisation?

Answer 6

The method of reproduction in animals and plants. the two uniting gamets are different in size shape and activity.

Question 7

What are gamates?

Answer 7

A sex cell; it joins with another gamete to form a single cell called a zygote, eg, sperm and eff shown at fertilisation.

Question 8

What are the four basic parts of a flower?

Answer 8

Petal
sepal
stamen
carpel.

Question 9

Contrast stamen and pistil (carpel)

Answer 9

Reproductive organs of the flower. The stamen contains pollen and the pistil contains the ovules.

Question 10

What is fruit?

Answer 10

Matured ovary that contains seeds.

Eg. tomatos, corn and apples.

Question 11

What are zygotes?

Answer 11

The diploid cell that results from the union of a sperm and ovum (a fertilised egg)

Question 12

What is cleavage?

Answer 12

A rapid series

Question 13

What is cleavage?

Answer 13

A rapid series of cell divisions, without cell growth, in a fertilise egg, that evolves the zygote into a hollow ball of cells (blastula)

Question 14

What is the blastula?

Answer 14

An early embroonic form consisting of a single layer of cells surrounded by a fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel.

Question 15

What is the gastrula?

Answer 15

An embroy at the stage following blastula. A cellular cup, it consists of three layers: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm.

Question 16

What is the ectoderm?

Answer 16

The ectoderm is the outer cell layer of the gastrula; it develops into the skin and nervous system.

Question 17

What is the endoderm?

Answer 17

The inner cell layer of the gastrula; it develops into the internal organs such as the digestive tract.

Question 18

What is the mesoderm?

Answer 18

The middle cell layer of the gastrula; it develops into muscles, bone, blood etc.

Question 19

What is the notochord?

Answer 19

Composed of mesoderm cells, it serves as the primitive support column for the embryo until it is replaced by the spinal column.

Question 20

What is the archenteron?

Answer 20

The central cavity of the gastrula, which ultimately forms the digestive cavity.

Question 21

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 21

The ability for eggs to develop into organisms without being fertilised. Present in bees, ants and some lizards.

Question 22

What does Ovoviviparous mean?

Answer 22

Refers to animals that retain the fertilised eggs in their body until they hatch. Present in guppies, mosquitofish and some reptiles.

Question 23

What does Oviparous mean?

Answer 23

Refers to animals that lay eggs that develop outside of the mothers body. Present in fish, birds, reptiles and monotremems (platypus)

Question 24

What are testes?

Answer 24

Male gonads; produce sperm and male sex hormones.

Question 25

What is semen?

Answer 25

In reptiles and mammals a mixture of sperm and several liquids released from the penis during intercourse.

Question 26

What is the ovary?

Answer 26

In most female mammals, the organ which produces and stores mature eggs before their release into the uterus. Produces female sex hormones.

Question 27

What is ovulation?

Answer 27

The release of a mature eff (ovum) from its follicle in the ovary into the fallopian tube.

Question 28

What is the uterus?

Answer 28

In most female mammals, a hollow muscular organ in which the fetus develops before birth.

Question 29

What are the fallopian tubes?

Answer 29

One of the two tubes in the human female through which a mature egg passes into the uterus after being released from the ovary.

Question 30

What is the placenta?

Answer 30

The organ through which nourishment and waste products are exchanged between the mother and the embryo.

Question 31

What is the umbilical cord?

Answer 31

Structure that connects the placenta to the fetus; contains blood vessels.

Question 32

What is Amniotic fluid?

Answer 32

Surrounds the fetus
provides a cushioning environment for protection
Enclosed by the amniotic membrane amnion.

Question 33

What is the menstrul cycle?

Answer 33

The development and release of a mature egg for fertilisation as well as the preparation of the uterus for receiving the fertilised eggs; regulated by hormones.

Question 34

What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 34

Follicle stage
ovulation
luteal stage
menstruation.

Question 35

Summarise the reproduction of the fish?

Answer 35

Bunderds to millions of eggs
externally fertilised and developed
little or no care of young.

Question 36

Summarise the reproduction of amphibia?`

Answer 36

Up to hundreds of eggs
external fertilization (many have internal fertilization.
Develop in water
care for young vaires from none to much.

Question 37

What is metamorphosis?

Answer 37

The life changes (both structural and behavioural.Of an amphibian as it evolves from water to land dweller. Also refes to insert developments.

Question 38

Summarise the reproduction of birds.

Answer 38

Up to a few eggs.
internal fertilisation
external incubation
care of young lasts several weeks.

Question 39

Summarise the reproduction of mammals.

Answer 39

Up to a few eggs; internal fertilisation and development; care of young may last up to several years. Eg. Dog, human, cow.