Human Nervous System

Question 1

What is a neurone?

Answer 1

A nerve cell that is specialised for transmitting signals throughout the nervous system; contains a cell body, axon and dendrites.

Question 2

What are the three major types of neurone?

Answer 2

Sensory (afferent) neuron
motor (efferent) neuron
associative neuron (interneuron)

Question 3

What are the three types of nerve tissue and their location?

Answer 3

sensory: connects brain and spinal cord with sensory organs.
Motor: connects brain and spinal cord with muscles and glands.
Associative: within brain and spinal cord.

Question 4

What are Sensory neuron’s?

Answer 4

They transmit impulses from a sensory receptor to the brain or spinal cord.

Question 5

What are motor neuron?

Answer 5

The transmit impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands.

Question 6

What are associative Neuron (interneurons)?

Answer 6

That make connection between all types of neurone; found in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 7

What are Dendrites?

Answer 7

Cytoplasmic extension (usually short) of a neurone; they receive impulses and conduct them inward toward the cell body.

Question 8

What is the cell body (of a neurone)

Answer 8

Contain the nucleus of the nerve cell.

Question 9

What are axons?

Answer 9

Long ectoplasmic extension that conducts impulses away from the neurone cell body onward the terminal branches where the impulse will be transmitted.

Question 10

What is the termini branch of an axon?

Answer 10

It is the transmitting (to another nerve or muscle tissue) at the end of the nerve cell.

Question 11

What are synapse?

Answer 11

the space between a neurone and another neurone or muscle cell. In drawing impulse is moving left to right. Terminal branches of one nerve cell pass a message to dendrites of another nerve cell.

Question 12

What are acetylcholine?

Answer 12

A neurotransmitter released across a synapse in order to transmit a nerve impulse.

Question 13

Describe the center of the spinal cord?

Answer 13

A butterfly-shaped mass of fray matter (contains cell bodies of neurone and synapses) surrounded by white matter (contains axons of neurons).

Question 14

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 14

The brain the spinal cord; coordinates activity in all parts of the body.

Question 15

What are the three main areas of the brain?

Answer 15

the cerebrum
the cerebellum
the medulla

Question 16

What are the five basic sense organs?

Answer 16

Eyes
ears
nose
mouth
skin

Question 17

What is the Cerebrum?

Answer 17

Largest part of the brain; occupies upper part of the skill and is responsible for thought, memory sensation and voluntary movement.

Question 18

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 18

The region of the brain responsible for balance and coordination of muscles.

Question 19

What is the Medulla Oblongata?

Answer 19

The most posterior portion of the brain; controls involuntary functions such as breathing; heart rate and certain reflexes.

Question 20

What is the function of the spinal cord?

Answer 20

It is a pathway for impulses to and from the brain; centre of reflex actions.

Question 21

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 21

The division of the nervous system that regulates involuntary internal functions such as heartbeat, body temperature, kidney action etc.

Question 22

What is the sympathetic Nervous system?

Answer 22

The part of the autonomic nervous system that activates the “fight or flight” response.

Question 23

What is the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 23

The part of the autonomic nervous system that slows down the “fight or flight” response in order for the body to rest.

Question 24

What are ganglia?

Answer 24

A mass of cytons (cell bodies) and synapses lactated on the sides of the backbone; part of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 25

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 25

An area of the brain just blow the cerebral hemispheres and under the thalamus it is the centre of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 26

What is the tympanic membrane?

Answer 26

The eardrum sound waves beat against it, causing vibrations in the small bones of the ear.

Question 27

What are the semi-circular canals?

Answer 27

Fluid filled canals in the ear that detect movement.

Question 28

What are the cochlea?

Answer 28

Snail-shaped cavity forming a division within the internal ear.

Question 29

What are the two types of sensory cells in the eye?

Answer 29

Rods: involved with black and white vision.
Cones: involved with colour vision.

Question 30

What are the Retina?

Answer 30

Photosensitive layer of the eye; contains several layers of neurone, rods and cones.

Question 31

What is the cornea?

Answer 31

The Transparent outer layer of the eye.