Reproduction and development Part 1

Question 1

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

The creation of an offspring by fusion of a male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (egg) cell to form a zygote

Question 2

Asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

The creation of offspring without the fusion of egg and sperm

Question 3

Asexual reproduction exclusive to invertebrates include

Answer 3

Budding and fission

Question 4

Budding

Answer 4

A form of asexual reproduction in invertebrates
- It is when new individuals arise from outgrowths of exisitng ones

Question 5

Fission

Answer 5

The separation of a parent organism into two individuals of approximately equal size

Question 6

Fragmentation

Answer 6

Breaking the body into pieces, some or all are well-developed into adults.
(Fragmentation must be accompanied by regeneration, and regrowth of lost body parts.)

Question 7

Parthenogenesis

Answer 7

The development of a new individual from an unfertilized egg: This form of a sexual reproduction also occurs in some vertebrates.

Question 8

Almost all eukaryotic species produce sexually
True or false

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Sexual reproduction results in offspring of same genotypes
True or false

Answer 9

False
it is varied genotypes

Question 10

The resulting increased variation may increase the reproductive success of parents in changing environments
True or false

Answer 10

True

Question 11

most animals, sexual or asexual exhibit reproductive cycles related to changing seasons
True or False

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Reproductive cycles related to changing seasons are controlled by

Answer 12

hormones and environmental cues.
This is because the seasonal temperature is often an important cue in reproduction.

Question 13

climate change

Answer 13

can decrease reproductive success

Question 14

Are you tired of being lonely?
Of not finding someone to sexually reproduce with?
Well… nature has the solution

Answer 14

Hermaphroditism!

Question 15

What is Hermaphroditism?

Answer 15

This is when an individual has both male and female reproductive systems.
Any two hermaphrodites can mate and some can self-fertilize

Question 16

Sexual reversals

Answer 16

In a coral reef fish, the blue-headed wrasse, a lone male defends a group of females. If the male dies, the largest female in the group transforms into a male. Within a week, this individual can begin to produce sperm instead of eggs

Question 17

Fertilization

Answer 17

Union of sperm and eggs

Question 18

External fertilization

Answer 18

eggs shed by the female are fertilized by sperm in the external environment

Question 19

Internal fertilization

Answer 19

sperms are deposited in or near a female reproductive tract, and fertilization occurs within the tract

Question 20

Requirements for external fertilization

Answer 20

• A moist habitat: This prevents gametes from drying out and allows sperm to swim to eggs
• Many aquatic invertebrates shed gametes to surrounding water: timing of release in crucial to ensure sperm and egg encounter each other

Question 21

Benefit of internal fertlization

Answer 21

enables sperm to reach egg efficiently even when external environment is dry

Question 22

In both internal and external fertilization, mating animals may use pheremones

Answer 22

chemicals released by one organism that can influence physiology and behavior of another individual of the same species,