4 Major characteristics of the adaptive immune system

Question 1

(Characteristic 1: Proliferation of B and T cells)
In the body, a large number of antigen receptors are specific for a given epitope
True or False

Answer 1

False
Only a tiny fraction binds

Question 2

What happens in the lymph nodes?

Answer 2

an antigen is exposed to a steady stream of lymphocytes until a match is made.

Question 3

What happens if there is a successful match between an antigen receptor and an epitope?

Answer 3

events that activate the lymphocyte is initiated

Question 4

Clonal selection

Answer 4

When an activated B or T cell undergoes multiple cell divisions to produce a clone of identical cells

Question 5

Effector cells

Answer 5

• short-lived cells
  -act immediately against the antigen

Question 6

Plasma cells

Answer 6

• Occur only in B cells
• secretes antibodies

Question 7

Memory cells

Answer 7

• Long-lived cells
  -give rise to effector cells if the same antigen is encountered again

Question 8

What is responsible for long-term protection against diseases?

Answer 8

Immunological memory
(second characteristic of adaptive immunity)

Question 9

Primary immune response

Answer 9

The first exposure to a specific antigen.

B and T cells give rise to effector forms during this time

Question 10

Secondary immune response

Answer 10

when memory cells facilitate faster, stronger, and longer responses
to the same antigen.

(Can span decades)

Question 11

B and T lymphocytes can produce a humoral immune response and a cell-mediated immune response
True or false

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Humoral immune response are ___ that help_____or eliminate _____ and ____ in the_____ or ____

Answer 12

antibodies help neutralize or
-toxins and pathogens in the blood or lymph

Question 13

Cell-mediated immune response is when specialized ____destroy infected ___

Answer 13

T cell
-host cells

Question 14

Helper T cells

Answer 14

Triggers both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses

Question 15

What produces the humoral and cell-mediated responses?

Answer 15

• A foreign molecule must be bound by the antigen receptor of a helper T cell
• An antigen must be displayed on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell

Question 16

Antigen-presenting cells have class 1 and class 2 MHC molecules
True or false

Answer 16

True

Question 17

what does the accessory protein called CD4 on the helper T cell do?

Answer 17

It binds the class 2 MHC molecule and this helps keep the cells together/joined

Question 18

When the helper T cell is activated and proliferates it

Answer 18

forms a clone of helper T cells, which then activate appropriate B cells

Question 19

Humoral response is characterized by the secretion of ____ through

Answer 19

-Antibodies
-clonally selected B cells

Question 20

Activation of B cells involves helper T cells and proteins on the surface of pathogens
TRUE or FALSE

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

A single activated B cell give rise to few identical plasma cells
TRUE or False

Answer 21

False
It give rise to thousands

Question 22

Antibodies do not kill pathogens, instead they mark pathogens for destruction TRUE or False

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

In neutralization, antibodies bind to viral surface proteins but it doesn’t prevent the infection of a host cell
TRUE or FALSE

Answer 23

FAlSE
It does provide infection

Question 24

Antibodies may also bind to toxins in body fluids and prevent them from entering body cells
True or false

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Antigen-antibody complexes may bind to a complement protein
True or false

Answer 25

True

Question 26

A cascade of subsequent events leads to the formation of a pore in the membrane of the foreign cell, leading to lysis
True or false

Answer 26

True

Question 27

B cells can express 5 different forms or classes of Ig but with different antigen-binding
True or false

Answer 27

False. They have the same antigen-binding

Question 28

One type of B cell antigen receptor is membrane bound
True or false

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Some B cell antigen receptors are soluble and found in saliva, tears, blood, and breast milk.
True or false

Answer 29

True