ch.36 The immune system Flashcards
The internal environment of an animal is a nearly ideal habitat for
Pathogens
Pathogens are
agents that cause disease
The immune system
enables an animal to avoid or limit many infections
All animals have innate community (Acquired community) which is a
defense that is active immediately upon infection. Develops after exposure to agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances.
Involves vary specific response to pathogens
Innate community involves
Barrier defenses
-A small set of receptor proteins…
FINISH THE SENTENCE
bind molecules or structures to common viruses, bacteria, and other microbes.
What happens when you bind an innate receptor?
There are internal defensive responses to a broad range of pathogens
Innate community is found
in all animals and plants
In vertebrates, innate community serves as an immediate response to infections and as the foundation of adaptive community.
Exoskeleton
acts as a physical barrier against infection for insects
In the digestive system, Lysosome
breaks down bacterial cell walls, protecting against pathogens ingested with food.
Hemocytes
circulate within hemolymph and carry out phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
The ingestion and breakdown of foreign substances, including bacteria.
Innate Community (all animals) is the recognition of
traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens, using a small set of receptors.
- Elicits a Rapid response
What are the barrier and internal defenses of innate community
Barrier defenses
- Skin and Mucous membrane secretions
Internal defenses
-Phagocytic cells
-Natural killer cells
-Antimicrobial proteins
-Inflammatory response
Adaptive immunity (Vertebrates only) is the recognition of
TRAITS specific to particular pathogens, using a vast array of receptors
-Slower response
Innate defenses in vertebraes
Barrier defenses, phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides. Natural killer cells, interferon and inflammatory response
