Evasion of innate communiy by pathogens

Question 1

Tuberculosis (TB) releases breakdown within___ after being ___ by a host cell

Answer 1

lysosomes
engulfed

Question 2

Adaptive response relies on two types of lymphocytes (White blood cells). Name where they mature and their names.

Answer 2

They are called T cells and B cells
T= Thymus
B= Bone marrow

Question 3

Antigens

Answer 3

substances that can elicit a response from a B or T cell.

Question 4

Antigen receptor

Answer 4

recognition when T or B cells bind to antigen

Question 5

True or False: Receptors on a single B or T cell are all identical

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Epitope

Answer 6

The small accessible part of an antigen that binds to antigen receptor

Question 7

True or False = Outer capsule of some bacteria does not interfere with molecular recognition

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is the shape of a B cell antigen receptor?

Answer 8

Y shaped with two identical heavy chains and light chains

Question 9

differences between constant (C) regions and (V) regions among B cells

Answer 9

C- very little
V- Great difference
But the combination of both forms an antigen biding site

Question 10

True or false: The binding of a B cell antigen receptor is an early step in B cell activation. This gives rise to antibodies or immunoglobulin

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Antibodies or immunoglobulin

Answer 11

secrete a soluble form of protein.
- They are similar to B cell receptors but lack a membrane anchor.
Provide direct defense aginst pathogens in body fluids

Question 12

Each T cell receptor consists of two different polypeptide chains. What are they?

Answer 12

(a and B)
Tips are a V region and the rest is a constant (C) region.

Question 13

V regions of the a and B chains do not form an antigen-binding site.
True or false

Answer 13

False

Question 14

T cells bind only to antigen fragments displayed or presented on a host surface
True or false

Answer 14

True

Question 15

MHC (Major histocompatibility complex) molecules are

Answer 15

host proteins that display the antigen fragments on a cell surface.

Question 16

When does this occur?- Antigens are cleaved into smaller peptides by enzymes

Answer 16

In infected cells

Question 17

MHC molecules bind and transport the antigen fragments to the cell surface in a process called

Answer 17

antigen presentation

Question 18

Ability to bind both antigen fragment and the MHC molecule is due to which type of cell

Answer 18

T cells

This interaction is important to participate in the adaptive immune response

Question 19

What are the 4 major characteristics of the adaptive immune system

Answer 19

1. Larger collection of lymphocytes and receptors
2. Self-tolerance: lack of reactivity against an animal’s own molecules
3. Proliferation of B and T cells after activation
4. Immunological memory