Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE Biology 🍃 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

The fusion of the nuclei of 2 gametes to form a zygote and genetically different offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

The production of genetically identical offspring that only requires 1 parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of asexual reproduction?

A

Potato tubers, strawberry runners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction

A

+: Variation in offspring

-: Slow process, 2 people are required, more potential for STD’s to spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction

A

+: Fast process, 1 parent needed, no energy lost

-: Genetically identical offspring means a disease can wipe them all out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the male part of a flower called and what does it consist of?

A

Called a stamen- made of anther and filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the female part of the flower called and what is it made of?

A

Called a carpel- made of stigma, style and ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the male gamete made and where can it be found?

A

Made in anther, found in the pollen grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the female gamete found and what is it called?

A

Found in the ovary, called an ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 types of pollination?

A

Insect pollinated and Wind pollinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does an insect pollinated plant look like?

A

Colourful, pollen is loosely attached to anther

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a wind pollinated plant look like?

A

Feathery stigma, stamen stick up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is pollination?

A

The process of bringing pollen to the female gamete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name some flowers that are insect pollinated?

A

Rose, tulip, daffodil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name some plants that are wind pollinated?

A

Corn, barley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between self and cross pollination?

A

Self pollination occurs when the pollen is deposited on the same plant/flower
Cross pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of 1 flower to the stigma of another plant/flower of a different breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does a plant get fertilised?

A

When a pollen grain lands on a stigma, enzymes will ‘eat’ through the stigma to create a path for the male gamete in pollen to go through. This path is called the pollen tube. The male and female gametes will fuse to form a zygote in the ovule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is a seed formed?

A

A zygote in the ovule will divide into an embryo, where the ovule will form seed with the embryo inside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is germination?

A

When a plant embryo begins to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What conditions are required for germination?

Think WOW

A
  • Warmth
  • Oxygen
  • Water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Give another name for the Fallopian tube

A

Oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the sperm duct?

A

A tube from testes to penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

A thin layer of skin to protect the testes and hold them outside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the prostate gland?

A

Adds nutrients and fluid to make semen from sperm

25
What is the urethra?
Passes semen through penis and carries urine from the bladder
26
What is the Fallopian tube/oviduct?
A tube for eggs to travel from ovary to uterus
27
What is the cervix?
A ring of muscle separating vagina from uterus
28
What is a gamete?
A sex cell
29
How is the sperm adapted to meet the egg?
- Tail to swim - Mitochondria contain energy for sperm to swim - Head contains DNA - Acrosomes contain enzymes to eat away egg membrane and then fertilise the egg
30
How are identical twins formed?
When the zygote splits when fertilised
31
How are non identical twins formed?
When 2 eggs are fertilised by 2 sperm
32
What is X and Y?
X is girl, Y is Boy
33
What is the vagina coated in to kill off foreign cells?
Acid
34
How many eggs are women born with?
Around 1 million
35
What 3 things in the female reproductive system kill sperm?
White blood cells, acid and lucosites
36
Why are the testes outside of the body?
Optimum temp. for sperm is just below our body temp.
37
How many chromosomes do our gametes have? What is the term for this?
23 chromosomes- haploid
38
How does the egg move?
Eggs get wafted by cilia down the oviduct
39
What is fertilisation?
When the nuclei of sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote in the oviduct
40
What is implantation?
When the zygote splits into many cells (embryo) and then embeds itself into the thick lining of the uterus. From here, the umbilical cord and placenta will grow
41
What are the advantages and disadvantages of breast feeding?
+: Protects baby from infections, free, emotional contact, all nutrients provided -: Cannot measure how much was drunk, only mother can feed, painful, unethical in public
42
What are the advantages and disadvantages of bottle feeding?
+: Less evasive, can be done by either parents anywhere | -: Costs more than breast, less nutrients than breast, sterilisation
43
What is the role of the placenta?
To provide food and nutrients and remove waste products from blood
44
What is the role of the umbilical cord?
Carries oxygen and nutrients to baby in 1 vein and removes de-oxygenated blood and waste products back to mother
45
What is the role of the amniotic sac and fluid?
Sac- bag of fluid where baby grows and develops | Fluid- cushions baby from bumps and injury
46
How can viruses effect pregnancy?
HIV can be passed on to child, rubella can lead to miscarriages and birth defects
47
What are the pros and cons of In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)
+: Can choose gender, can check for disabilities, don't need a partner -:Expensive, long waiting list, morally wrong and unethical
48
What is artificial insemination?
When semen is collected from man and placed in uterus of woman
49
How can STI's be transmitted?
Sexual contact, not necessarily intercourse
50
Name a chemical, natural, barrier and surgical type of contraceptive
Chemical: Contraceptive pill Natural: Abstinence Barrier: Condom, femidom Surgical: Vasectomy
51
How month does the menstrual cycle last?
28 days/ 1 month
52
On what day is the egg released on the menstrual cycle?
14th
53
How long does a period usually last for?
5 days
54
Why is the lining thicker at the start of the month?
Increase is progesterone
55
What are the 4 hormones in the female body?
FSH, LH, Oestrogen and Progesterone
56
What order are hormones released in the menstrual cycle?
FSH, Oestrogen, LH, Progesterone
57
What gland in the brain produces hormones that stimulates ovaries and testes?
The pituitary gland
58
What happens to a man during puberty?
Deep voice, shoulders broaden, testes drop, heavier sweating, spots, body hair
59
What happens to a female during puberty?
Breasts develop, hips widen, periods start, body hair

GCSE Biology 🍃 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions