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Pathology 2 > Reproduction 3 > Flashcards

Reproduction 3 Flashcards

1
Q

When does uterine torsion most commonly occur?

A

In an enlarged uterus. Such as pregnancy, pyometra, or mucometra.

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2
Q

Circulatory embarrassment, death of fetus, and/or uterine rupture can me a result of…

A

Uterine torsion

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3
Q

Uterine ________ accounts for 5-10% of serious cases of dystocia in mares.

A

Uterine torsion

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4
Q

What type of animal is a uterine prolapse common in?

A

Ruminants

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5
Q

What are some causes of uterine prolapse?

A 
Uterine hypotony
Prolonged dystocia
Retained placenta
Hypocalcemia
Hyperestrogenism
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6
Q

_______ may be followed by congestion, edema, hemorrhage, necrosis, gangrene, and spesis

A

Uterine Prolapse

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7
Q

What are 2 types of uterine trauma?

A

Uterine rupture and Rupture of the Uterine Artery

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8
Q

What type of uterine trauma occurs in mares and results in death from exsanguination?

A

Rupture of the uterine artery

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9
Q

T or F

Uterine rupture can result from trauma at parturition, iatrogenic or spontaneous.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

T or F

Uterine rupture can lead to fatal hemorrhage, perimetritis, but not peritonitis

A

FALSE it can lead to fatal hemorrhage, perimetritis, and peritonitis

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11
Q

T or F

Uterine rupture is associated with dystocia

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Which animals are more uniquely prone to endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Small animals

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13
Q

What condition is common in the bitch and involves cystic distention of endometrial glands?

A

Endometrial hyperplasia

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14
Q

If endometrial secretions accumulate, what can occur?

A

An infection may follow ->

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia - pyometra syndrome

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15
Q

What does endometrial hyperplasia look like in a bitch?

A

Bubblewrap

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16
Q

Prolonged hyperestrogenism or excess progesterone can cause…

A

Endometrial hyperplasia

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17
Q

What are some estrogen sources that can cause endometrial hyperplasia?

A

Cystic ovarian follicles
Granulosa cell tumors
Estrogenic pastures
Zearalenone (myotoxin)

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18
Q

In a case of endometrial hyperplasia, what does progesterone do to make the situation worse?

A

It immunosuppresses, providing a suitable environment for bacteria to grow and cause a pyometra

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19
Q

What is an Adenomyosis?

A

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma between the muscle bundles of the myometrium

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20
Q

T or F

Adenomyosis is a rare feature

A

TRUE

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21
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Ectopic endometrial glands

22
Q

What species does sub-involution of placenta sites occur in?

23
Q

________ manifested by prolonged bloody vaginal discharge postpartum. Placenta sites appear as multiple segmental thickenings of uterine horns.

A

Sub-involution of placental sites

24
Q

What condition results in zebra stripping all along the lumen of the uterine horn?

A

Sub-involution of placenta sites

25
Q

What do you call accumulation of thin or viscid fluid in the uterus?

A

Hydrometra and Mucometra

26
Q

Define Endometritis

A

Inflammation of endometrium only

27
Q

Define Metritis

A

Inflammation of all layers of uterine wall

28
Q

Define Perimetritis

A

Inflammation extending to tissues surrounding uterus

29
Q

Define Pyometria

A

Accumulations of pus in the lumen of the uterus

30
Q

What is greatly reduced during pregnancy and under the influence of progesterone?

A

Highly resistant uterus

31
Q

What do most uterine infections start as?

A

Endometritis, and may or may not progress to metritis, perimetritis, or pyometra

32
Q

What id commonly seen in every animal post partum?

A

Endometritis

33
Q

Is Contagious Equine Metritis reportable?

A

YES!! REPORT!!!

34
Q

What bacteria is responsible for causing Contagious Equine Metritis?

A

Tayorella equigenitalis

35
Q

What clinical disease is manifested by temporary infertility and mild to moderate inflammation of the endometrium

A

Contagious Equine Metritis

36
Q

T or F

Stallions transmit CEM organism but don’t develop clinical disease

37
Q

Should you report CEM??

38
Q

________: acute or chronic suppurative inflammation characterized by accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen; usually secondary to endometritis

39
Q

What are the clinical signs of pyometra?

A

manifest a short time after p has gone through heat. P is often vomiting, pu/pd

40
Q

Pyometras are often closed cervix. T or F?

41
Q

What age animal are pyometra usually found in?

A

Older female dogs, especially ones that have never been bred

42
Q

What causes the amount of pus to vary in a pyometra?

A

The duration and type of bacteria involved

43
Q

What 4 extragenital lesions in dogs with pyometra?

A

Bone marrow depression and anemia
Marked EMH in spleen and liver
Marked leukocytosis (left shift)
Immune complex glomerulopmephritis

44
Q

What is used most commonly in equine theriogenology?

A

Endometrial biopsy

45
Q

What 4 microscopic lesions are on a endometrial biopsy>

A
  • Inflammation
  • Dilation of lymphatics
  • Loss of glands
  • Fibrosis
46
Q

Uterine neoplasms are not common in…

A

Domestic animals

47
Q

Uterine adenocarcinomas are very common in…

48
Q

What type of neoplasm is most common metastatic neoplasm found in cows?

A

Lymphosarcoma

49
Q

Where can lymphosarcoma be found in a cow?

A

Diffuse infiltration of the alimentary tract OR in th euterine wall

50
Q

If you did find a neoplasm in a female dog, what could it be?

Pathology 2 (6 decks)

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