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Pathology 2 > Reproduction 2 > Flashcards

Reproduction 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

Failure of short or long segments of the uterine horn to develop.

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2
Q

Uterus unicornis means…

A

Complete absence of an entire horn

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3
Q

Aplasia of a uterine horn is commonly found in what species?

A

White Shorthorn Cattle

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4
Q

Why is Uterus uniconis commonly found in White Shorthorn cattle?

A

It’s associated with the recessive gene for white coat color.

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5
Q

Can a cow with uterus unicornis become pregnant?

A

Sometimes, but this anomaly is usually found after investigation as to why cow wasn’t catching sperm

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6
Q

What is Imperfect fusion of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

This produces a double vagina, double cervix, and uterus didelphys.

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7
Q

There can be 2 channels within the vagina region and in extreme cases p will have 2 separate uterine horns and cervixes. What is this condition known as?

A

Imperfect fusion of the paramesonephric ducts

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8
Q

Persistance of a tissue band running across the vagina just cranial to the opening of the urethra is called…

A

Imperforate hymen

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9
Q

Imperforated hymen is a result of…

A

Failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts with the urogenital sinus.

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10
Q

Review alpaca case in lecture PP

A

DO IT!

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11
Q

Define ovarian agenesis

A

Ovaries that fail to develop at all. COMPLETE ABSENCE! Genetically recognized in some breed of cattle.

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12
Q

When would we more than likely come across duplication of an ovary?

A

Necropsy
Ultrasound
Spay?

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13
Q

What is it called when one or both of the ovaries fail to develop to the full size?

A

Ovarian HYPOplasia

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14
Q

T/F:

P with ovarian hypoplasia will have small ovaries WITH follicles?

A

FALSE! p will have small ovaries WITHOUT follicles

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15
Q

Ovarian hypoplasia is seen in what type of cattle?

A

Swedish Highland cattle and in other cattle and mares with chromosomal abnormalities XXX or X0

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16
Q

Ovarian Cysts are located…

A

On the ovary

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17
Q

Paraovarian cysts are located…

A

Around the ovary

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18
Q

Hydatids of Morgagni are found in what species?

A

Mares

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19
Q

What is the most common type of cystic change?

A

Cystic Graafian follicle

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20
Q

Cystic Graafian follicles occur as a result of…

A

Insufficient release of luteinizing hormone.

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21
Q

With a p with cystic graafian follicles ovulate?

A

No.

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22
Q

Cystic subsurface epithelial structures of the bitch frequently give rise to what?

A

Single or multiple cysts extending along ovarian surface

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23
Q

Can cystic subsurface epithelial structures become neoplastic?

A

They are RARE, but yes, may seed along peritoneal lining – can have fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity. Ovarian carcinoma

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24
Q

Oophoritis is…

A

inflammation of ovaries

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25
Q

TB of peritoneal cavity can result in…

A

Oophoritis

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26
Q

Oophoritis can be caused by Salmonells pullorum in what species?

A

POULTRY! Pullorum — think pullets

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27
Q

What two viruses can cause Oophoritis?

A

IBR, BVD

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28
Q

T/F:

Intrafollicular hemorrhage can be quite severe in mares.

A

TRUE

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29
Q

Massive hematomas can be found in abdominal cavity of mares due to…

A

Intrafollicular hemorrhage

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30
Q

Intrafollicular hemorrhage in cows ->

A

Manual enucleation of the corpus luteum

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31
Q

T/F:

Intrafollicular hemorrhage may lead to reduced fertility

A

TRUE!

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32
Q

What kind of hemorrhage can cause adhesions to form in a cow?

A

Periovarian hemorrhage - adhesions cause problems. narrow fimbrae cause fibrosis of the ovary itself, lots of things can happen.

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33
Q

T/F:

Ovarian tumors are rare in animals?

A

TRUE! Callahan said we MAY see one or two of them in our lifetime if we are lucky

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34
Q

Epithelial tumors develop and affected bitches may have cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium. What does the endometrium look like?

A

Bubble wrap!

35
Q

Will dogs/cats or horses have more ovarian tumors?

A

Horses!

36
Q

What are germ cell tumors?

A

Tumors of basically the precursor cells that would give rise to a oocyts

37
Q

Give an example of a germ cell tumor.

A

Dysgerminoma

38
Q

Is a dysgerminoma considered to be malignant?

A

All are considered malignant.

39
Q

What percentage of Dysgerminomas metastasize?

A

20%

40
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

Uncommon neoplasm composed of abnormal tissue derived from at least two of the three germ cell layers

41
Q

What are the 3 germ cell layer?

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

42
Q

____ is:
mainly found in ovaries or testies
tends to be a younger p
Usually

A

Teratoma

43
Q

A sex cord-stromal tumor is also known as…

A

Gonadostromal tumors

44
Q

What is the most common ovarian tumor in cows and mares??? **KNOW THIS ONE!

A

Granulosa cell tumor
aka
Granulosa-theca cell tumor

45
Q

Granulosa tumors may be steroidally active. What are they?

A

Estrogens and Androgens

46
Q

T/F:

Granulosa cell tumors are rare to metastasize, removal is recommended tx, can also be massive and hemorrhagic

A

True story brah

47
Q

Histologically, what is diagnostic of a granulosa cell tumor?

A

Call-Exner bodies — rosettes of granulosa cells surrounding pink proteinaceous fluid

48
Q

Define Hydrosalpinx:

A

The uterine horn is distended/filled with CLEAR WATERY MUCOUS; usually 2ndary to obstruction (congenital or inflammatory)

49
Q

Define Salpingitis

A

Usually 2ndary to endometriosis, may lead to pyosalpinx and interfere with fertility

50
Q

_______ in poultry- inflammation that’s usually 2ndary and may go all the way to the ovary to due salmonella

A

Salpingitis

51
Q

This is commonly seen with mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections

A

Salpingitis

52
Q

Define Pyosalpinx

A

Pus in the oviduct
aka
Accumulation of pus in the tube following obstruction of the lumen

53
Q

_______ & _______ are seen in cows 2ndary to HYPERESTROGENISM or FOLLOWING LOCAL INFLAMMATION

A

Cystic Gartner’s Ducts (vestigial remnants of wolffian ducts)
and
Cystic Bartholin’s Gland (vestibular glands)

54
Q

Vulval tumefaction:

A

Swollen vulva, physiological response to estrogen

55
Q

Often in sows, the estrogenic effect of zearalenone (fusarium) in moldy grains causes…

A

Vulval tumefaction

56
Q

Vulval tumefaction may lead to…

A

vaginal prolapse and mammary enlargement

57
Q

Vaginal/Vulval tears/ruptures =

A

NASTAYYY`

58
Q

Parturition, assisting birth, hoof pressure on tissue may cause

A

Vaginal/vulval tear/ruptures

59
Q

A few months after parturition you may find what…

A

Suppurative peritonitis and/or a lot of adhesions due to fibrosis/CT

60
Q

Connection between vagina and anus =

A

Rectovaginal fistulas

61
Q

Vaginal/Vulval tears/ruptures may lead to…

A

gangrenous inflammation, peritonitis, and development of rectovaginal fistulas

62
Q

Inflammation of the vagina and vulva is associated with

A

Trauma, likely post partum

63
Q

Granular vaginitis:

A

nodular appearance of the vaginal mucosa associated to lymphoid follicle proliferation in cattle

64
Q

Some ______ _______ cases are associated with Mycoplama and ureaplasma infections

A

Granular vaginitis

65
Q

T/F:

Sheep and cattle are resilient to inflammation of vagina and vulva

A

True

66
Q

Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) disease of cattle is caused by what virus?

A

Bovine Herpes Virus 1

Dz is venereally transmitted and causes epithelial necrosis!

67
Q

IPV dz’d cattle have small mucosal pustules that lead to…

A

erosions overlying the submucosal lymphoid follicles

68
Q

Equine Herpesvirus 3 causes

A

Coital exanthema

69
Q

Leiomyoma can occur in what 3 places?

A

Uterus, cervix, or vagina

70
Q

This neoplasm in dogs appears to be estrogen dependent. These almost always occur in bitches.

A

Leiomyoma

71
Q

TVT

A

contagious neoplasm, IHC suggests histiocytic orgin

72
Q

Tumor cells have how many chromosomes. Remember the normal is 78 chromosomes.

A

59

73
Q

These lesions may be solitary or multiple, papillary to pedunculated, or multi-lobulated mases often ulcerated, inflamed, and friable.

A

TVT!

74
Q

T/F:

TVT cane been seen anywhere on body.

A

TRUE

75
Q

what does TVT look like histologically?

A

Solid sheets of large round to ovoid cells; moderate to scant pale eosinophilic finely granular, often vacuolated or clear cytoplasm.

76
Q

What species and Where is the most common site of SCC on a farm animal?

A

Horses

Prepuce/Vulva region

77
Q

SCC occurs mostly on farm animals, especially those lacking…

A

pigment on vulvar skin

78
Q

SCC look…

A

Ulcerative

79
Q

SCC locally metastasize to…

A

to local lymph nodes

80
Q

T/F:

Melanomas are benign

A

FALSE! Neoplastic. BAD NEWS!

81
Q

T/F:

Melanocytoma is malignant

A

FALSE!

82
Q

Find this particularly in white mares, in the form of large ulcerative nodules, located in the vulva or the perineum

A

Melanoma and Melanocytoma

83
Q

Melanomas and Melanocytomas are locally invasive…

A

Ventral tail base and into the spinal cord

Pathology 2 (6 decks)

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