Reproduction 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 steps of normal mammalian sexual development? These steps are also categories of sexual developmental disorders.
Establishment of CHROMOSOMAL sex
Development of GONADAL sex
Development of PHENOTYPIC sex
Bipotential gonad can give rise to…
Female or Male repro-organs
_____ gene promotes ovarian differentiation and development
DAXI
______ gene coding for TDF which upregulates SOX9 expression»_space;> leading to testicular differentiation
SRY
Define Intersex
A general, nonspecific term meaning that ambiguous genitalia are present. Not details on nature or etiology of abnormality.
XXY >
Klinefelter
XO >
Turner
___________ have testicular hypoplasia and almost always are infertile (some may be XXY)
Male tortoiseshell or calico cats
What is a Chimera?
Individual is composed of 2 or more cell populations, each arising from different individuals. This is natural
What is a Mosaic?
Individual is composed of 2 or more cell populations, but the cells originate within the same individual. This usually happens in laboratory experiments
What is the most common example in veterinary medicine?
Freemartin calf - Chimera
What is a freemartin calf/chimera?
Twins- one male, one female. Both share same blood supply in placenta w/ a possibility of cells to exchange into their fetal circulation. This doesn’t have any abnormal effects on the male twin. Female calf twin with have abnormalities within the internal genitalia.
In freemartin calves, the vascular anastomoses between placentas allow male hormones, including ___________ and cells to cross and suppress development of the female genital system.
Mullerian Inhibitory Substance
What are the abnormalities within the internal genitalia in a freemartin?
Small ovaries, blind ended uterus, poorly developed vagina, enlarged clitoris, and seminal vesicles.
T/F:
The male twin is also affected in Freemartin
FALSE! The male twin is minimally affected
