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Science (Biology) > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts of the male reproductive system?

A 
Testes
Scrotum
Sperm ducts
Prostate gland
Urethra 
Penis
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2
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

Produce sperm

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3
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

The sack that holds and protects testes, slightly lower than body temperature

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4
Q

What is the function of the perm ducts?

A

Carries sperm or urine from testes to urethra

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5
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

Adds fluids to feed the sperm and enable it to swim

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6
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

The tube through which the sperm leave the penis

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7
Q

What is the function of the penis?

A

Organ that introduces the sperm into the vagina

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8
Q

What are the parts of the female reproductive system?

A 
Ovary
Oviduct
Cervix
Vagina
Uterus
Vulva
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9
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

Releases ova during ovulation

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10
Q

What is the function of the oviduct?

A

Fertilisation takes place here, carries egg to uterus

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11
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

Place where embryo will develop

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12
Q

What is the function of the cervix?

A

Opening to uterus

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13
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

Opening to the outside, sperm released here

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14
Q

What is the function of the vulva?

A

Protection of the vagina

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15
Q

What is the function of oestrogen?

A

Levels low during Menstruation
Initial repair and build up of uterus lining
Levels increase from day 1 and peak at day 14

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16
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Levels low during menstruation
Builds up and will peak days after ovulation
Builds up and maintains lining of uterus until bleeding

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17
Q

What is the definition of pregnancy?

A

Fertilisation takes place in the oviduct; this is when the haploid sperm and haploid egg nuclei fuse to form a zygote

18
Q

What are the parts of a haploid egg?

A

Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Haploid nucleus

19
Q

What are the parts of a haploid sperm cell?

A

Head
Midpiece
Tail

20
Q

What does haploid mean?

A

They have half the normal number of chromosomes (23 each), so that when they fuse, the full number of chromosomes is restored in the zygote (46)

21
Q

What occurs after fertilisation?

A

The egg divides many times to form a ball of cells called a zygote. It will travel along the oviduct to the uterus, where it will implant

22
Q

What is the placenta?

A

A disc - shaped organ which forms, nutrients from the mother’s blood diffuse across it, e.g. oxygen and glucose. The mother and baby’s blood doesn’t mix, as they may be different blood groups

23
Q

What occurs in the placenta?

A

Exchange of dissolved nutrients, e.g. oxygen, carbon dioxide and urea

24
Q

What are carried to the foetus?

A

Oxygen and glucose through blood vessels in the umbilical chord

25
Q

What is carried away from the foetus?

A

Carbon dioxide and urea through blood vessels in the umbilical chord

26
Q

What are in the parts of the body where pregnancy occur?

A

Uterus wall
Placenta
Umbilical chord
Amniotic sack

27
Q

What is the function of the amnion and amniotic sack?

A

Protect and cushion the foetus while it is developing

28
Q

Give an example of a mechanical (physical) contraception

A

Male & female condom

29
Q

Give an example of a chemical contraception

A

Contraceptive pill

Implant

30
Q

Give an example of a surgical contraception

A

Vasectomy

Female sterilisation

31
Q

What does the male & female condom do?

A

Acts as a barrier, prevents egg and sperm meeting

32
Q

What does the contraceptive pill do?

A

Taken regularly by women, stops ovaries from releasing eggs by changing hormone levels

33
Q

What does an implant do?

A

Inserted just under the skin in the arm, slowly releases hormones

34
Q

What does a vasectomy do?

A

Cuts sperm tubes

35
Q

What does a female sterilisation do?

A

Cuts oviducts

36
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of male & female condoms?

A

Easily obtained
Protects against STDs

Unreliable if not used properly

37
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the contraceptive pill?

A

Very reliable

Can cause side effects, such as weight gain and mood swings
Women must remember to take it every day

38
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of implants?

A

Very reliable
Can work up to 3 years

Do not protect against STDs
Can prevent periods occurring

39
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a vasectomy?

A

Virtually 100% reliable

Very difficult to reverse
Don’t protect against STDs

40
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a female sterilisation?

A

Virtually 100% reliable

Very difficult to reverse
Don’t protect against STDs

41
Q

Suggest why condoms are widely chosen by young married couples who do not have any children yet

A

They are easy to obtain
The don’t have to get sterilised (option of children in future)
No side effects

42
Q

Why do you think contraception raises ethical issues for some people?

A

It is unnatural
Against religious beliefs
Preventing human life developing

Science (Biology) (7 decks)

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