Food And Diet

Question 1

What is the independent variable for the food and energy test?

Answer 1

The type of food

Question 2

What is the dependent variable for the food and energy test?

Answer 2

The temperature of the water / degrees Celsius

Question 3

What are the controlled variables in the food and energy test?

Answer 3

Same volume of water
The distance of the food from the test tube (1cm)
The mass of the food (1g)

Question 4

4.2 joules of energy heats…

Answer 4

1cm cubed of water by 1 degree Celsius

Question 5

What is the method for the food and energy test?

Answer 5

1. Measure 20 cm³ of water into the boiling tube using a measuring cylinder
2. Clamp the test tube in the retort stand at an angle as shown in the diagram and over a heat resistant mat
3. Weigh small piece of food and record the mass mass
4. Take the temperature of the water and record it in the table
5. Fix the food on the end of the mounted needle
6. Ignite the food using a Bunsen burner and immediately hold it about 1 cm below the test tube and above a heat resistant mat. If the flame goes out, quickly relight it.
7. When the food stops burning, immediately stir the water with the thermometer and record the temperature.
8. Empty the test tube and refill it with another 10 cm³ of cold water. Repeat the experiment using a different food.

Question 6

What are the 3 main factors that affect our energy requirements?

Answer 6

Activity
Gender
Age

Question 7

What is the function of Starchy carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Slow release energy e.g. pasta, potatoes

Question 8

What is the function of sugary carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Fast release energy e.g. cakes

Question 9

What is the function of fats?

Answer 9

Energy and insulation e.g. sausages, butter

Question 10

What is the function of protein?

Answer 10

Growth, repair and body cells e.g. fish, chicken

Question 11

What is the function of water?

Answer 11

Solvent for chemical reactions to take place in

Transport medium for blood

Question 12

What is the function of fibre?

Answer 12

Prevents constipation e.g. green veg.

Question 13

What is the function of vitamin C?

Answer 13

Healthy teeth and gums e.g. orange, lemon

Question 14

What is the function of vitamin D?

Answer 14

Normal growth of bones and teeth e.g. fish

Question 15

What is the function of calcium?

Answer 15

Important in normal growth of bones and teeth e.g. milk, sardines

Question 16

What is the function of iron?

Answer 16

Helps red blood cells carry oxygen around the body e.g. red meat, spinach, broccoli

Question 17

What does benedict’s test and state the colour change

Answer 17

Glucose, blue ➡️ brick red

Question 18

What does iodine test and state the colour change

Answer 18

Starch, yellow/brown ➡️ blue/black

Question 19

What does sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + copper Sulfate (CuSO4) test and State the colour change

Answer 19

Protein, blue ➡️ lilac

Question 20

What does ethanol test and state the colour change

Answer 20

Fat, clear ➡️ white emulsion

Question 21

How is obesity caused, and how do you reduce the risk?

Answer 21

Taking in too much energy e.g. sugar

Eat a healthy, balanced diet reduce fat and sugar intake, increase exercise

Question 22

What is Heart disease, and how do you reduce the risk?

Answer 22

Cholesterol and other fatty substances being present in high levels. They build up on the wall of the artery, narrowing them and making it difficult for blood to flow through them, resulting in a heart attack.
Lifestyle - reduce stress, increase exercise and don’t smoke
Diet - eat a healthy, balanced diet, reduce fat and salt intake

Question 23

What is a stroke and how do you reduce the risk?

Answer 23

Caused by a poor diet which can damage the circulatory system. Fat builds up and causes a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain.
Lifestyle - Increase exercise, reduce stress, stop smoking
Diet - Low salt, low saturated fats, and low in cholesterol

Question 24

Why are many people in society slow to accept the links between sugar and disease, or fail to adapt their lifestyle to reduce the risk?

Answer 24

They find it difficult to give up sugary food
They don’t think it’s going to happen to them
Readymeals are very convenient
No point in making a change now

Question 25

What are the costs to society of circulatory disorders?

Answer 25

Expensive of equipment needed in hospitals
Highly trained staff are needed
Drugs for treatment or dear
Less family income (not working)
Patient in hospital for weeks

Question 26

What happens to our pulse rate during exercise?

Answer 26

Our pulse rate increases when we exercise to pump more blood containing more oxygen to the muscle cells for respiration

Question 27

Where does respiration take place?

Answer 27

Inside cells

Question 28

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 28

Aerobic respiration combines oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and release energy

Question 29

What type of reaction is aerobic respiration?

Answer 29

It is an exothermic reaction

Question 30

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 30

Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Water + carbon dioxide + energy

Question 31

What is the balanced symbol equation for respiration?

Answer 31

C6H12+6O2 ➡️ 6CO2+ 6H2O+ energy