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Science (Biology) > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is is an animal cell?

A

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

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2
Q

What is in a plant cell?

A 
Nucleus
Cytoplasm 
Cell Wall
Cell membrane 
Vacuole
Chloroplast
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3
Q

What is in a plant cell which is not in an animal cell?

A

Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast

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4
Q

What are all living organisms made up of?

A

Cells

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5
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Stores genetic information on chromosomes inherited from parents

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6
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Allows substances to pass in and out of cell (selectively permeable)

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Made of cellulose, helps support and protect the cell. Fully permeable

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8
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Where chemical reactions occur

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9
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Large and permanent, contains water

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10
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Contains chlorophyll which traps light for photosynthesis

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11
Q

What is the function of the chromosomes?

A

Found in nucleus, contain genetic information in the form of genes

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12
Q

What is the onion cells experiment method?

A
  1. Collect a piece of onion epidermis
  2. Using forceps, place this on a clean microscope slide
  3. Put 1-2 drops of iodine solution on the tissue
  4. Lower the cover slip carefully onto the tissue at an angle, using a mounted needle to prevent air bubbles
  5. Place the slide on the microscope stage and focus with the low power objective lens - always focus away from stage
  6. Draw a neat, labelled diagram of one onion cell in the space below
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13
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

A simple, undifferentiated cell in animals and plants, which has the ability to divide, and become differentiated to form cells of the same type

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in animals?

A

Embryonic stem cells

Adult stem cells

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15
Q

Why are embryonic stem cells easier to use in medicine than adult stem cells?

A

They are easier to extract and culture

They can differentiate into a wide range of cells

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16
Q

What are adult stem cells harder to use in medicine than embryonic stem cells?

A

They are difficult to extract

They produce a limited amount of cells

17
Q

What disease can stem cells be used to treat?

A

Leukaemia

18
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

The white blood cells produced in the bone marrow function abnormally and lose the ability to fight disease

19
Q

How does stem cells help treat leukaemia?

A

The patient is given a transplant of bone marrow containing stem cells from a matching, healthy donor

20
Q

What are the risks of stem cell treatment for leukaemia?

A

Leaves the patient with no immune system
Stem cells may divide in an uncontrolled way and produce tumours
They may transfer viruses or diseases

21
Q

Why do some people have ethical issues with stem cell treatment?

A

It necessitates the destruction of embryos

22
Q

What do multi - celled organisms do?

A

They are organised to form specialised tissues, organs and organ systems

23
Q

What do the specialised tissues, organs and organ systems formed by multi - celled organisms help to do?

A

Improve exchange with the environment
Transport substances
Communicate between cells

24
Q

What are cells?

A

The building blocks which make up all living things, e.g. nerve cell

25
Q

What are tissues?

A

A group of similar cells with a similar function, e.g. Nervous tissue

26
Q

What are organs?

A

A group of tissues which carry out a specific function, e.g. brain

27
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs which work together to carry out a specific function

28
Q

What is an organism?

A

Organ systems work together to help the organism leads its own life and reproduce

Science (Biology) (7 decks)

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