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Year 2 > Repro Week 1 > Flashcards

Repro Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers around the testis?

A

Tunis albuginea, visceral vaginal tunic, parietal vaginal tunic, scrotal fascia, tunica dartos, scrotal skin

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2
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

testosterone

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3
Q

What is epididymal transit time?

A

Time taken for sperm to travel from proximal head to the distal tail of the epididymis

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4
Q

What does the ductus deferens do>

A

Connect the epididymis to the pelvic urethra

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5
Q

What makes up the spermatic cord?

A

Ductus deferens and testicular artery and vein, nerve and lymphatic supply

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the pampiniform plexus?

A

Heat exchange, pulse pressure eliminator, transfer of testosterone from testicular vein to artery

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7
Q

Which accessory glands does the dog have?

A

Ampulla and prostate

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8
Q

Function of seminal plasma?

A

Needed for dilution and delivery of sperm, contains fructose for energy source, coagulating in stallion and boar

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9
Q

What is the blood supply to the accessory gland, urethra and penis?

A

Internal pudendal

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10
Q

What are the erectile tissues?

A

Corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum

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11
Q

Which animals have a fibroelastic penis?

A

Ruminants and pigs

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12
Q

Where is the glans penis?

A

Opening of the urethra

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13
Q

What are the sex chromosomes in birds?

A 
ZZ= male 
XW= female
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14
Q

What is the effect of oestradiol on the brain during development?

A

Masculinises the brain

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15
Q

What do the mesonephric ducts become in the male?

A

Epididymis and ductus deferens

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16
Q

What does hypospadias mean?

A

Urethral opening at base of penis

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17
Q

What is the action of the ischiocavernous muscle?

A

Forces blood into corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum

18
Q

What is the role of parasympathetic neurones in erection?

A

Inhibit longitudinal muscle in helicine arteries, causing relaxation

19
Q

What is the structure and function of a fibroelastic penis?

A

Much fibrous tissue, length is increased by straightening of sigmoid flexure as result of relaxation of retractor penis

20
Q

What are the features of boar ejaculate?

A

First fraction= accessory fluid and few sperm
2nd fraction= rich in sperm
3rd fraction= thick coagulum

21
Q

What occurs in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes arrange on the equator of the spindle

22
Q

What occurs in cytokinesis?

A

Cleavage furrow forms and deepends until cytoplasm is halved, aided by a ring of actin filaments attached to the inner aspect of the cell membrane

23
Q

What is the purpose of cyclin dependent protein kinases?

A

Intracellular control of mitosis- act as checkpoints

24
Q

What is the action of Myc?

A

Increases expression of G1 cyclin kinases- stimulaiton of DNA synthesis

25
Q

In what phase does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase 1- pachytene

26
Q

From what cells do spermatogonia develop from?

A

Primordial germ cells

27
Q

Where do primary oocytes arrest until puberty?

A

prophase I

28
Q

What are the sources of genetic variation?

A

Independent assortment of chromosomes, recombination crossing over, mutation

29
Q

How are X chromosomes inactived in females?

A

Methylation of the DNA and expression of antisense transcript

30
Q

What is klinefelter syndrome?

A

Result of an extra chromosome in a male producing CCY

31
Q

Where does spermatogenesis take place?

A

Seminiferous tubules

32
Q

What is contained in the head of the sperm?

A

Nucleus, acrosome and post nuclear cap

33
Q

What is the role of LH and FSH in the male?

A

LH- binds to receptors on leydig cells and causes production of testosterone
FSH- binds to receptors on sertoli cells enabling function, converting testosterone to oestradiol and producing inhibin

34
Q

What is the time taken for spermatogenesis in the bull

35
Q

What hormones does the placenta produce?

A

Prostaglandin F2a, progesterone, oestrogen, eCG, hCG

36
Q

Describe the HPT axis

A

Pulses of GnRH resulting in pulses of LH which stimulate Leydig cells to produce testosterone there is negative feedback via inhibin to the pituitary and through testosterone itself to the hypothalamus

37
Q

Where is semen deposited in the pig?

A

Cervix/uterus

38
Q

What are the mucus secretions that aid sperm transport int ther cervix?

A

Sialomuciin and sulphmucin

39
Q

Describe the acrosome reactino

A

Initiated by sperm binding to the zona pellucida involving release of acrosomal hydrolytic enzymes which digest the zona pellucida and form a small hole for the sperm to enter the egg

40
Q

How long is sperm fertile for in the bitch?

Year 2 (11 decks)

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