Repro - female Flashcards
What three structures constitute the birth canal?
Vagina
Cervix
Vulva
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
What is the position of the uterus?
Anteflexed + anteverted
What can happen in early pregnancy if the uterus is retroverted and retroflexed?
Prolapse
Why is it important in the surgical management of miscarriage to know if the uterus is anteverted or not?
To minimise the risk of perforation of the uterus with instrumentation
What are the fornixes of the vagina?
The upper corners of the vagina that extend into the recesses made by the cervix
Through which vaginal fornix can you access the rectouterine pouch?
Posterior fornix
What are teh main ligaments of the uterus?
Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament
Round ligament of uterus
Broad ligament
What ligament is called the cardinal liagment of the uterus?
Lateral cervical ligament
What other structure, other than ligaments supports the uterus?
Pelvic diaphragm
What are the four parts of the uterine tube?
Infundibulum
Ampullary
Isthmus
Intramural or uterine part
What is the longest/widest part of the uterine tube?
Ampulla
At what point of the uterine tube does fertilisation normally occur?
Ampulla
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Where egg is fertilised in the fallopia tube, not uterus
What is a corneal ectopic pregnancy?
Fertilisation in the interstitial section of fallopian tube
What ligament moves from uterus to ovary?
Ovarian ligament
What ligament transverses from the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall?
Suspensory ligament
At what level do the gonadal arteries orginiate?
L2
How does the ovarian artery reach the ovary?
Through suspensory ligament
With which artery does the ovarian artery anastomose?
Uterine artery
Where does the uterine artery cross the uterus?
Ischial spine
Why is the association between teh ureter and uterine important?
In case of ligation of uterine artery, don’t want to accidentially clamp ureter as well
What is the lymphatic drainage of tje labia and distal part of the vagina?
Superficial inguinal nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?
Para-aortic nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the fundus + upper uterine body?
Pre-aortic nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterine body (other than upper)?
Internal iliac
What is the lymphatic drainage of uterine cervice and upper vagina?
Internal iliac + sacral lymph nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the lower vagina?
deep Inguinal nodes
What fascia do the breasts lie in?
Superficial pectoral fascia
What is the structure of the breast?
15-25 lobes with tubulo-acinar glands + stroma (connective tissue)
Where is the breast located?
extends from 2nd-6th rib
Lateral border of sternum to anterior axillary line
What muscles is the deep tissue of the breast related to?
Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior
External oblique muscle
What is the blood supply of the breast?
Branches of
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
What lymph nodes drain the breast?
Axillary nodes
Parasternal
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
Which nodes recieve the lymph fromt eh lateral part of the breast tissue?
Anterior (pectoral) group
What is possible with the lymph of the breast that one should be wary about in breast cancer?
Medial side can drain to the opposite side
Allows cancer to spread from one side to the other
