Lower limb - thigh Flashcards
What are the two main inguinal lymph nodes?
Deep
Superficial
What vessels do the lymph nodes follow?
Great saphenous –> superficial inguinal
Small saphenous –> popliteal
What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Sartorius Pectineus The quadriceps Biceps femoris Vasta lateralis Vasta medialis Vasta intermedialis
Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment?
Femoral nerve
What is the action of rectus femoris on the hip?
Flexion
What is the action of the quadriceps?
Extension of the knee
Where does teh patellar ligament attach?
Tibial tuberosity
What are the main actions of sartorius on the hip joint?
Flexion
Abduction
Lateral rotation
What are teh actions of sartorius on the knee joint?
Flexion
Which muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adductor magnus Adductor brevis Adductor longus Gracialis Pectineus Obturator externus
What nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
Throught what foramen does the obturator nerve enter the thigh?
Obturator canal
What passes through the adductor hiatus?
Femoral vessels
What artery is the femoral a continuation of?
External iliac artery
What does the femoral artery pass midway between
Pubic tubercle
Anterior superior iliac spine
What branches of the femoral artery supply the hamstrings?
Inferior gluteal + perforating femoris artery
From what vein does the femoral vein arise?
Popliteal
What two veins drain into the femoral vein at the femoral triangle?
Profunda femoris vein
Great saphenous vein
What muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliacus
Quadraceps femoris
What is the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus
What is the lateral boundry of the femoral triangle?
Sartorius muscle
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
What does the femoral sheath contain?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatice femorla vessels
Who is more likely to get a femoral hernia?
Women
What is the adductor canal?
A passage through the thigh and then through adductor magnus (through the hiatus) for the vessels
Allows passage to the popliteal fossa
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Vastus medius nerve
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Vastus medius nerve
What are the two main nerves of the lumbar plexus?
Femoral
Obturator
What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus?
L1-4
What compartment does the femoral nerve innervate?
Anterior compartment of the thigh
What compartment does the obturator nerve innervate?
Medial compartment of thigh
What are the nerve roots of the femoral and obturator nerves?
L2-4
What are the two terminal branches to the sciatic nerve?
Common fibular
Tibial
What muscles make up the hamstrings?
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis
Biceps femoris
What is the action of the hamstrings of the hip joint?
Extension
What is the action of the hamstrings on the knee joint?
Flexion
What nerve innervates the hamstrings?
Sciatic nerve
What type of joint is the knee?
Synovial hinge
What movements re possible at the knee?
Flexion
Extension
What are the articular surfaces of the knee?
Medial and lateral condyles of femur
Tibia
Posterior surface of platella
What are the main ligaments of the knee?
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Anterior cruiciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Whre does the lateral collateral ligament extend to and from?
Lateral epicondyle
Lateral surface of the head of the fibula
Where does the medial collateral ligament extend to and from?
Medial epicondyle
Medial surface of tibia
Which tendon separates the lateral collateral ligament from the lateral miniscus?
Popliteal tendon
Why is the attachment of the medial miniscus and medial cruciate ligament clinically important?
Assocated with medial meniscus tears
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents the femur sliding anteriorly
Stops anterior dislocation
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents the femur sliding posteriroly
What are the main functions of the menisci?
Deepen socket ro increase stability
Shock absorption
Which muscles cause flexion of the knee?
Hamstrings
Gracilis
Sarotrius
Popliteus
Which muscles cuase extension of the knee joint?
Quadraceps femoris
What are the main bursae of the knee joint?
Suprapatellar tendon
Prepatellar tendon
Deep infrapatellar
Superficial infrapatella
Which bursae communicate with the articular cavity of the knee?
Suprapatellar
What is the clinical significance of the bursa communnicating with the knee joint?
Bursitis can lead to septic arthritis
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Fat Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve Popliteal lymph nodes
What is the superior medial border of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosis muscle
What is the superior lateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris
What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?
Lateral and medial heads of gastronemius
What muscles make up the superficial posterior group of the leg?
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
What is the innervation of gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve
What is the action of gastrocnemius?
Knee flexion Ankle flexion (plantar)
What is the function of plantaris?
Plantar flexion
Knee flexion
What nerve innervates the posterior cmopartment of the lower leg?
Tibial nerve
What branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
Posterior tibial artery
What muscles make up the deep group of posterior muscles of the leg?
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus
What nerve accompanies the deep posterior tendons as they enter the food?
Tibial nerve
What artery accompanies the deep posterior tendons as they enter the foot?
Posterior tibial artery
What makes up the base of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
Where does the semimembranosis muscle originate from?
Iscial tuberosity of pelvis
Where does the semimembranosis muscle attach?
Medial tibial condyle
What is the origin of the semitendinosis?
Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis
Where does the semitendinosis muscle attach?
Medial surface of tibia
Where does the biceps femoris attach?
Head of fibula