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Anatomy > H&N booklet > Flashcards

H&N booklet Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the skull?

A

Neuro-cranium
Viscera-cranium (facial skull)
Mandible

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2
Q

What joint is between most bones of the skull?

A

Fibrous suture

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3
Q

What are the layers of a skull (flat) bone?

A

Compact
Spongey
Compact

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4
Q

Where is the occipital protuberance found?

A

Base of occipital bone

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5
Q

Where is the mastoid process found?

A

On temporal bone

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6
Q

Which two bones make up the zygomatic arch ?

A

Zygomatic bone

Temporal bone

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7
Q

Where is the styloid process found?

A

Temporal bone

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8
Q

Where are the occipital condyles found?

A

Occipital bone

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9
Q

Between which two bones is the saggital suture found?

A

Parietal and parietal

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10
Q

Between which two bones is the coronal suture found?

A

Parietal and frontal

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11
Q

Between which two bones is the lambdoid suture found?

A

Occipital and parietal

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12
Q

What three fossa make up the cranial cavity?

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

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13
Q

What landforms make up the sphenoid bone?

A

Body
Greater wing
Lesser wing
Pituitary fossa

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14
Q

Where are the ear ossicles found?

A

In the petrous part of the temporal bone

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15
Q

What are the five layers to scalp?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis of occipitofrontal muscle
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
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16
Q

Where does the scalp extend from and to?

A

Anteriorly from supraorbital margin
Posteriorly to superior nuchal lines
Laterally to zygomatic bone

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17
Q

What bone is the superior nuchal line a part of?

A

Occipital

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18
Q

What is the action of the occiptofrontal muscle anterior belly?

A

Raising eyebrows

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19
Q

What is the dermatome supply to the anterior scalp?

A

Trigeminal nerve CN V

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20
Q

What is the dermatome supply to the posterior half of the scalp?

A

Spinal nerves C2 and C3

Both anterior and posterior rami

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21
Q

In which layer of the scalp are the blood vessels present?

A

Connective tissue

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22
Q

What artery supplies the blood vessels of the scalp?

A

External carotid

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23
Q

What is a dipole?

A

Spongey bone separating the compact bone of the skull

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24
Q

What is an emissary vein?

A

Valveless veins in the scalp

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25
Q

Where does the lymph of the scalp drain?

A

Into nodes in the head and neck

No nodes in scalp

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26
Q

Where do the muscles of facial expression lie?

A

In superficial fascia of the face

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27
Q

How do muscles of facial expression differ in terms of their attachment to other skeletal muscles?

A

They connect from connective tissue into skin.

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28
Q

Which nerve innervated the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve

CN VII

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29
Q

What landmarks are found eitherside of the stylomastoid foramin?

A

Styloid + mastoid processes

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30
Q

From which foramen does the facial nerve emerge onto the face?

A

Stylomastoid process

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31
Q

What are the three paired salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Sublingular
Submental

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32
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the parotid gland?

A

Anterior border of sternomastoid muscle

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33
Q

What is the superior boundary of the parotid gland?

A

Superiorly to zygomatic arch

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34
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the parotid gland?

A

Inferiorly extends to angle of mandible

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35
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the parotid gland?

A

Posteriorly extends to anterior to the external auditory meatus

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36
Q

Where does the apex the parotid gland lie?

A

Apex of pyramid lies over the masseter

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37
Q

What nerve branches emerge from the partotid gland?

A

Facial branches:
>Buccal
>Zygomatic

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38
Q

Which muscle does the parotid gland pierce?

A

Buccinator muscle

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39
Q

Which muscle does the parotid gland lay superficical to?

A

Masseter

40
Q

What are the three main structures passing through the parotid?

A

Facial nerve
External carotid artery
Retromandibular vein

41
Q

Which nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

42
Q

Which structure gives sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

A

Sympathetic cervical ganglia

43
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

44
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is secretomotory to the parotid gland?

A

Parasympathetic

45
Q

Which bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face?

A

The mandible

46
Q

What muscle lies immediately posterior to the facial artery as it enters the face?

A

Masseter

47
Q

What major vein does the facial vein drain into?

A

internal jugular vein

48
Q

What are the compartments of the neck?

A

Vertebral
Vascular
Visceral
Surrounded by musculofascial collar

49
Q

What is contained in the vertebral compartment of the neck?

A

Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles

50
Q

What is contained within the vascular copartment of the neck?

A

Major blood vessels (carotid shealth)

And vagus nerve

51
Q

What is found in the visceral compartment of the neck?

A 
Thyroid + parathyroid glands
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Oesophagus
52
Q

What joint is found between the occipital condyles and C1?

A

Synovial - Condyloid

53
Q

What joint is found between C1 and C2 (adontoid peg)?

A

Synovial pivot joint

54
Q

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?

A

Vertebral arteries

55
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Superior - mandible
Posterior - sternocleidmastoid
Anteriorly - saggital midline

56
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior - Sternocleidmastoid
Posteriorly - anterior fibres of trapezius
Inferiorly - middle 1/3 of clavicle

57
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

A

Submental
Digastric
Carotid
Muscular

58
Q

what are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Inferiorly - Hyoid bone
Lateral - Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Medial - Saggital midline

59
Q

What are the boundaries of the digastric triangle?

A

Superior - Mandible
Anterior - Anterior belly of digastric
Posterior - Posterior belly of diagastric

60
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior - Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Lateral - Medial sterocleidmastoid
Inferior - Superior belly of omohyoid

61
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle (4!)?

A

Superior - Hyoid
Medial -Saggital Middline
Superio-lateral - Superior belly of omohoid muscle
Inferiro-lateral - Inferior sternocleidmastoid

62
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

Submental lymph nodes

63
Q

What are the contents of the digastric triangle?

A

Facial artery

Submandibular salivary gland

64
Q

What are the contents of the Carotid triangle?

A 
Hypoglossal nerve
Contents of neurovascular sheath
>Vagus nerve
>Common carotid
>Internal jugular
65
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A

Strap muscles of the neck
Thyroid
Parathyroid glands
Pharynx

66
Q

What are the bony attachments of the sternocleidmastoid?

A

Sternum
Clavicle
Mastoid process

67
Q

When the right sternocleidmastoid contracts, which way would the:

1) head tilt?
2) Face turn?

A

1) Head would tilt towards contracting sternocleidmastoid - right
2) Face would turn away from contracting SCM - left

68
Q

What nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius?

A

CN XI (found in anterior triangle)

69
Q

On both the left and the right sides, what is the root of the Common carotid artery?

A

Right - brachiocephalic

Left - Aortic arch

70
Q

At what level does the Common carotid artery split into the external and internal arteries?

A

C4

71
Q

Which out of the carotid arteries is most lateral?

A

Internal carotid

72
Q

What vein does the jugular vein form? Which vein does it merge with?

A

Merges with subclavian to form brachiocephalic

73
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain?

A

Scalp and face

74
Q

Where in relation to the SCM does the External jugular vein run?

A

Superficial

75
Q

Where does the vagus lie within in the vascular sheath?

A

Middle - between the artery and vein

76
Q

What muscles attach to the hyoid bone?

A

Suprahyoid muscles
Infrahyoid muscles
Hypoglossus
Middle pharyngeal constrictor

77
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Myohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric muscle
Stylohyoid muscle

78
Q

What is the innervation of the myohyoid muscle?

A

Inferior alveolar branch of Mandibular Trigeminal nerve

CN V3

79
Q

What is the innervation of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

C1 - runs with hypoglossus

80
Q

What is the innervation of the digastric muscle? (2)

A

Anterior - Mandibular branch of Trigeminal CN V3

Posterior - Facial nerve - CNVII

81
Q

What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Facial nerve

82
Q

What action do the suprhyoid muscles have?

A

Elevation of the hyoid bone

Depression of mandible

83
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternhyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

84
Q

What is the nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles

A

C1-C3

Except for thyrohyoid which is just C1

85
Q

What are the roots of the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C5

86
Q

Between what muscles does the cervical plexus arise?

A

Middle and anterior scalene muscles

87
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

Loop of nerves in cervical plexus
Superior - C1
Inferior - C2+C3

88
Q

What are the parts of the thyroid gland?

A

Right lobe
Left lobe
Isthmus

89
Q

What blood vessels supply the thyroid gland?

A

Superior + inferior thyroid artery

90
Q

What nerve innervated the mandible?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve (part of CN V3)

91
Q

How many teeth do children have?

A

20
Incisors - 8
Canines - 4
Molars - 8

92
Q

How many teeth do adults have?

A 
32
Incisors - 8
Canines - 4
Premolars - 8
Molars - 4 +8
93
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial modified hinge

94
Q

What are the articular processes of the TMJ?

A

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Condylar process of mandible

95
Q

What movements occur at the TMJ?

A 
Elevation
Depression
Protrusion
Retraction
Side to side movements

Anatomy (34 decks)

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