H&N booklet Flashcards
What are the three parts of the skull?
Neuro-cranium
Viscera-cranium (facial skull)
Mandible
What joint is between most bones of the skull?
Fibrous suture
What are the layers of a skull (flat) bone?
Compact
Spongey
Compact
Where is the occipital protuberance found?
Base of occipital bone
Where is the mastoid process found?
On temporal bone
Which two bones make up the zygomatic arch ?
Zygomatic bone
Temporal bone
Where is the styloid process found?
Temporal bone
Where are the occipital condyles found?
Occipital bone
Between which two bones is the saggital suture found?
Parietal and parietal
Between which two bones is the coronal suture found?
Parietal and frontal
Between which two bones is the lambdoid suture found?
Occipital and parietal
What three fossa make up the cranial cavity?
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
What landforms make up the sphenoid bone?
Body
Greater wing
Lesser wing
Pituitary fossa
Where are the ear ossicles found?
In the petrous part of the temporal bone
What are the five layers to scalp?
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis of occipitofrontal muscle Loose connective tissue Pericranium
Where does the scalp extend from and to?
Anteriorly from supraorbital margin
Posteriorly to superior nuchal lines
Laterally to zygomatic bone
What bone is the superior nuchal line a part of?
Occipital
What is the action of the occiptofrontal muscle anterior belly?
Raising eyebrows
What is the dermatome supply to the anterior scalp?
Trigeminal nerve CN V
What is the dermatome supply to the posterior half of the scalp?
Spinal nerves C2 and C3
Both anterior and posterior rami
In which layer of the scalp are the blood vessels present?
Connective tissue
What artery supplies the blood vessels of the scalp?
External carotid
What is a dipole?
Spongey bone separating the compact bone of the skull
What is an emissary vein?
Valveless veins in the scalp
Where does the lymph of the scalp drain?
Into nodes in the head and neck
No nodes in scalp
Where do the muscles of facial expression lie?
In superficial fascia of the face
How do muscles of facial expression differ in terms of their attachment to other skeletal muscles?
They connect from connective tissue into skin.
Which nerve innervated the muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve
CN VII
What landmarks are found eitherside of the stylomastoid foramin?
Styloid + mastoid processes
From which foramen does the facial nerve emerge onto the face?
Stylomastoid process
What are the three paired salivary glands?
Parotid
Sublingular
Submental
What is the anterior boundary of the parotid gland?
Anterior border of sternomastoid muscle
What is the superior boundary of the parotid gland?
Superiorly to zygomatic arch
What is the inferior boundary of the parotid gland?
Inferiorly extends to angle of mandible
What is the posterior boundary of the parotid gland?
Posteriorly extends to anterior to the external auditory meatus
Where does the apex the parotid gland lie?
Apex of pyramid lies over the masseter
What nerve branches emerge from the partotid gland?
Facial branches:
>Buccal
>Zygomatic
Which muscle does the parotid gland pierce?
Buccinator muscle
Which muscle does the parotid gland lay superficical to?
Masseter
What are the three main structures passing through the parotid?
Facial nerve
External carotid artery
Retromandibular vein
Which nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
Which structure gives sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
Sympathetic cervical ganglia
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is secretomotory to the parotid gland?
Parasympathetic
Which bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face?
The mandible
What muscle lies immediately posterior to the facial artery as it enters the face?
Masseter
What major vein does the facial vein drain into?
internal jugular vein
What are the compartments of the neck?
Vertebral
Vascular
Visceral
Surrounded by musculofascial collar
What is contained in the vertebral compartment of the neck?
Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles
What is contained within the vascular copartment of the neck?
Major blood vessels (carotid shealth)
And vagus nerve
What is found in the visceral compartment of the neck?
Thyroid + parathyroid glands Pharynx Larynx Trachea Oesophagus
What joint is found between the occipital condyles and C1?
Synovial - Condyloid
What joint is found between C1 and C2 (adontoid peg)?
Synovial pivot joint
What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?
Vertebral arteries
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
Superior - mandible
Posterior - sternocleidmastoid
Anteriorly - saggital midline
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
Anterior - Sternocleidmastoid
Posteriorly - anterior fibres of trapezius
Inferiorly - middle 1/3 of clavicle
What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
Submental
Digastric
Carotid
Muscular
what are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
Inferiorly - Hyoid bone
Lateral - Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Medial - Saggital midline
What are the boundaries of the digastric triangle?
Superior - Mandible
Anterior - Anterior belly of digastric
Posterior - Posterior belly of diagastric
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
Superior - Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Lateral - Medial sterocleidmastoid
Inferior - Superior belly of omohyoid
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle (4!)?
Superior - Hyoid
Medial -Saggital Middline
Superio-lateral - Superior belly of omohoid muscle
Inferiro-lateral - Inferior sternocleidmastoid
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
Submental lymph nodes
What are the contents of the digastric triangle?
Facial artery
Submandibular salivary gland
What are the contents of the Carotid triangle?
Hypoglossal nerve Contents of neurovascular sheath >Vagus nerve >Common carotid >Internal jugular
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
Strap muscles of the neck
Thyroid
Parathyroid glands
Pharynx
What are the bony attachments of the sternocleidmastoid?
Sternum
Clavicle
Mastoid process
When the right sternocleidmastoid contracts, which way would the:
1) head tilt?
2) Face turn?
1) Head would tilt towards contracting sternocleidmastoid - right
2) Face would turn away from contracting SCM - left
What nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius?
CN XI (found in anterior triangle)
On both the left and the right sides, what is the root of the Common carotid artery?
Right - brachiocephalic
Left - Aortic arch
At what level does the Common carotid artery split into the external and internal arteries?
C4
Which out of the carotid arteries is most lateral?
Internal carotid
What vein does the jugular vein form? Which vein does it merge with?
Merges with subclavian to form brachiocephalic
What does the external jugular vein drain?
Scalp and face
Where in relation to the SCM does the External jugular vein run?
Superficial
Where does the vagus lie within in the vascular sheath?
Middle - between the artery and vein
What muscles attach to the hyoid bone?
Suprahyoid muscles
Infrahyoid muscles
Hypoglossus
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
Myohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
What is the innervation of the myohyoid muscle?
Inferior alveolar branch of Mandibular Trigeminal nerve
CN V3
What is the innervation of the geniohyoid muscle?
C1 - runs with hypoglossus
What is the innervation of the digastric muscle? (2)
Anterior - Mandibular branch of Trigeminal CN V3
Posterior - Facial nerve - CNVII
What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle?
Facial nerve
What action do the suprhyoid muscles have?
Elevation of the hyoid bone
Depression of mandible
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
Sternhyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
What is the nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles
C1-C3
Except for thyrohyoid which is just C1
What are the roots of the cervical plexus?
C1-C5
Between what muscles does the cervical plexus arise?
Middle and anterior scalene muscles
What is the ansa cervicalis?
Loop of nerves in cervical plexus
Superior - C1
Inferior - C2+C3
What are the parts of the thyroid gland?
Right lobe
Left lobe
Isthmus
What blood vessels supply the thyroid gland?
Superior + inferior thyroid artery
What nerve innervated the mandible?
Inferior alveolar nerve (part of CN V3)
How many teeth do children have?
20
Incisors - 8
Canines - 4
Molars - 8
How many teeth do adults have?
32 Incisors - 8 Canines - 4 Premolars - 8 Molars - 4 +8
What type of joint is the TMJ?
Synovial modified hinge
What are the articular processes of the TMJ?
Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
Condylar process of mandible
What movements occur at the TMJ?
Elevation Depression Protrusion Retraction Side to side movements