Repro Embryology

Question 1

The cloaca divides to form what?

Answer 1

Rectum and Urogenital sinus

Question 2

The mesonephric duct drains into what?

Answer 2

Urogenital sinus

Question 3

The urogenital sinus formw what?

Answer 3

Urinary bladder

Caudal end - urethra

Question 4

What are the types of early kidney at 5 weeks?

Answer 4

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros
 - Ureteric bud
 - Metanephric mesoderm

Question 5

The medial part of the mesonephric ridge becomes thickened to form what?

Answer 5

Genital/gonadal ridge

Question 6

Germ cell migration into genital ridge forms what?

Answer 6

Indifferent gonad

no migration means no gonads

Question 7

Epithelium of the mesonephros invaginates to form what?

Answer 7

The para-mesonephric duct

Question 8

What happens at the paramesonephric duct?

Answer 8

Develops lateral to the developing gonads and mesonephric duct
Projects into dorsal wall of urogenital sinus

Question 9

What are the 3 major embryologial structures of the reproductive tract?

Answer 9

Indifferent gonad
Mesonephric duct
Paramesonephric duct
Urogenital sinus

Question 10

What does the indifferent gonad form in males?

Answer 10

Testis

Question 11

What does the indifferent gonad form in females?

Answer 11

Ovary

Question 12

What does the mesonephric duct form in males?

Answer 12

Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle

Question 13

What does the paramesonephric duct form in males?

Answer 13

It degenerates

Question 14

What does the urogenital sinus form in males?

Answer 14

Bladder
Urethra
Prostate

Question 15

What does the mesonephric duct form in females?

Answer 15

It degenerates

Question 16

What does the paramesonephric duct form in females?

Answer 16

Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix

Question 17

What does the urogenital sinus form in females?

Answer 17

Bladder

Lower part of vagina

Question 18

How is testes formation determined genetically?

Answer 18

Sex determining region Y on Y chromosome leads to development of Sertoli cells
Sertoli secrete Mullerian-inhibiting-substance
Paramesonephric duct degenerates
MIS causes Leydig cell formation
Testosterone –> MAN

Question 19

Where do the Seminal Vesicles originate?

Answer 19

Outgrowth from the end of the mesonephric duct

Question 20

Where does the prostate originate?

Answer 20

Outgrowth from urethra (urogenital sinus)

Question 21

The indifferent gonad develops into what by default?

Answer 21

Ovary

Question 22

What protein causes testis formation?

Answer 22

TDF - Testis determining factor (encoded in SRY on Y chromosome)

Question 23

How many primordial follicles do females have at birth?

Answer 23

2 Million

Question 24

How many follicles are developed per menstrual cycle?

Answer 24

12-15 days

Question 25

Absence of testosterone causes what in the tubular components?

Answer 25

Degeneration of mesonephros + mesonephric duct | Paramesonephric duct develops

Question 26

The cranial end of the paramesonephric duct forms what?

Answer 26

Ovary

Question 27

The caudal end of the paramesonephric duct forms what?

Answer 27

Uterus | Superior part of vagina

Question 28

What forms the inferior part of the vagina?

Answer 28

Urogenital sinus

Question 29

At what vertebral level do the gonads form?

Answer 29

T10

Question 30

Outline the descent of the testis?

Answer 30

Wk 7 - T10 Wk 12 - Deep inguinal ring Wk 39 - Enters scrotum

Question 31

Outline the descent of the Ovary?

Answer 31

Wk 7 - T10 Wk 12 - Broad ligament Round ligament drawn through inguinal canal

Question 32

What do parents notice in Cryptorchidism?

Answer 32

``` Testes that are: Undecended Ectopic Retractile Absent ```

Question 33

What complications are associated with Cryptorchidism?

Answer 33

Infertility Germ cell tumours Testicular torsion