Physiology - Male and Female

Question 1

What are the gonadotrophins?

Answer 1

LH

FSH

Question 2

Which hormones make up the Estrogens?

Answer 2

Estradiol
Estrone
Estriol

Question 3

What is the HPO axis?

Answer 3

Hypothalmo-pituitary-ovarian axis

Question 4

What is the effect of Estrogen on the HPO axis?

Answer 4

Day 12-14: +ve feedback

Rest of cycle: -ve feedback

Question 5

What is the effect of Progesterone on the HPO axis?

Answer 5

-ve feedback

Question 6

The corpus luteum is formed by what?

Answer 6

Expulsion of the secondary oocyte by the Mature Graafian follicle

Question 7

When do progesterone levels increase during the ovarian cycle?

Answer 7

Luteal phase

Question 8

Midcycle peak of LH triggers what?

Answer 8

Ovulation

Question 9

When do Oestrogen levels peak?

Answer 9

End of follicular phase before LH spike

Question 10

What is ovulation?

Answer 10

Release of ova from Graafian follicle

Question 11

At what age is a woman at optimal fertility?

Answer 11

16-30

Question 12

What is the function of Sertoli cells?

Answer 12

Support sperm production cells

Produce inhibin

Question 13

What is the function of Leydig cells?

Answer 13

Produce Testosterone

Question 14

What is the function of LH in males?

Answer 14

Stimulate Leydig/Interstitial cells to produce Androgens

Question 15

What is the function of FSH in males?

Answer 15

Spermatogonia stimulation in seminiferous tubules of testes

Question 16

What is spermiogenesis?

Answer 16

Maturation of spermatids into mature sperm cells

Question 17

How many sperm are produced a day?

Answer 17

30 million

Question 18

How long does it take for sperm to be produced?

Answer 18

60-75 days

Question 19

How long does it take for the epididymis to transport sperm?

Answer 19

10-14 ays

Question 20

What factors can affect production of spermatogenesis/oogenesis?

Answer 20

Age
Hormonal Control issues
Site of production issues